(History of the Welsh Independent Churches)

By Thomas Rees & John Thomas; 4 volumes (published 1871+)

From the CD published by Archive CD Books See main project page

MERIONETHSHIRE   (Vol 1)

Pages 512 -518

Proof read by Maureen Saycell (April 2008)

Chapels below;

Pages  512 -518

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(Continued) LLANDRILLO

William Fairclough. Ond yn y flwyddyn 1826, cafwyd tir ar brydles o gan' mlynedd ond un, gan Mr. T. Jones, clochydd, Corwen, am £12/1/00 yn y flwyddyn o ardreth, a chyflwynwyd ef i Meistri Michael Jones, Llanuwchllyn ; J. Ridge, Bala ; C. Jones, Dolgellau ; E. Davies, Traws-fynydd ; S. Roberts, Llanbrynmair ; J. Jones, Syrior ; T Jones, Braichdu ; J. Jones, Penygeulan; D. Owen, Tyuchaf, a W. Jones, Penygeulan Glynarthen, wedi hyny - fel ymddiriedolwyr. Galwyd y capel yn Hananeel. Agorwyd ef Gorphenaf 3ydd, 1827, a'r un pryd ag agoriad y capel, urddwyd Mr Hugh Pugh i fod yn gydweinidog a Mr Michael Jones, fel y crybwyllasom yn hanes Rhydywernen. Bu Mr Pugh yma yn ymdrechgar hyd 1837, pan y symudodd i Mostyn. Nid oedd yr achos yma yn gryf, ond bu yma rai yn ffyddlon iddo yn ei wendid. Am flynyddau wedi ymadawiad Mr Pugh, ymddibynai yr eglwys ar gynorthwy gweinidogion a phregethwyr cynorthwyol, ond yr oedd y gofal yn benaf ar Mr Thomas Davies, yr hwn oedd wedi dechreu pregethu, ac a wir ofalai am y lle. Yn nechreu y flwyddyn 1842, rhoddodd yr eglwys yma, a'r eglwysi yn Nghorwen, a Chynwyd, alwad i Mr John Evans, yr hwn am lawer o flynyddau a fuasai yn weinidog yn Beaumaris, Mon. Yr oedd Mr Evans yn oedranus pan ddaeth yma, fel nad oedd ynddo yr yni oedd yn ofynol gydag achosion newydd a gweiniaid, ond yr oedd yn barchus a chymeradwy gan bawb. Unwaith yn y mis y deuai yma, fel nad oedd yr eglwys hon yn cael fawr o'i lafur. Yn mhen ychydig flynyddoedd, rhoddodd yr eglwysi i fyny, a dychwelodd i Beaumaris, lle yr arhosodd weddill ei oes. Yn niwedd y flwyddyn 1850, rhoddodd yr eglwys hon alwad i Mr Humphrey Ellis, Llangwm, ac y mae efe yn parhau i lafurio yma, a'r achos yn ystod ei weinidogaeth wedi ennill tir, a chasglu nerth, fel y mae golwg siriol arno. Mae amryw bregethwyr wedi codi yma. Perthyn i'r gangen hon yr oedd William Jones, er mai yn Bethel y pregethodd gyntaf. Yma hefyd y cododd Robert Fairclough i bregethu. Ond Thomas Davies, Pentre', yw y pregethwr sydd wedi bod hwyaf yn nglyn a'r eglwys, ac wedi bod o fwyaf o wasanaeth iddi o'r un a godwyd ynddi. Mae wedi treulio ei oes yma, ac wedi pregethu llawer, nid yn unig yma, ond hefyd trwy yr holl eglwysi cylchynol. Yn ddiweddar barnodd yr eglwys yma, a gweinidogion y Sir, yn briodol ei urddo i holl waith y weinidogaeth, gan fod yma gynifer o eglwysi, ac amryw o honynt fynychaf heb neb i weini yr ordinhadau iddynt. Cymerodd ei urddiad le yma Mehefin 2il, 1870. Gweinyddwyd ar yr achlysur gan Meistri H. Ellis, M. D. Jones, Bala; J. Peter, Bala ; D. Ll. Jones, Ruthin ; J. Jones, Abermaw ; R. P. Jones, Llanegryn ; R. Ellis, Brithdir ; E. A. Jones, Dolgellau ; E. Williams, Dinas ; E. Wynne, Soar; W. I. Richards, Abererch ; T. Jones Middlesborough, a J. Williams, gweinidog i'r Methodistiaid Calfinaidd yn Llan

Gwelodd yr achos yma wahanol dymhorau, ond y mae wedi dal ei dir, ac y mae yr achos yn fwy siriol yn awr nag y gwelwyd ef erioed. Coffeir yn barchus yma am Mr. John Petty, a'i wraig, y rhai a fuont yma am gryn dymor, ac yn llettygar i'r pregethwyr a ddeuai heibio. Daeth Mr. Petty, o Cornwall, i'r Llwyn, Dolgellau, yn oruchwyliwr, ac wedi hyny bu yn amaethwr, ac yn cadw siop yma. Yr oedd wedi dysgu Cymraeg lled dda.* Bu yma eraill er nas gallasent wneyd llawer, etto a fuont ffyddlon yn ol eu gallu, ac nad a eu llafurus gariad yn anghof.

* Llythyr Mr T. Davies.

Translation by Eleri Rowlands (5/2020)

In 1814, John Jones, his wife, and family came here from the mill at Frongoch, near Bala, to live in the mill at  Llandrillo. Before they moved they used to worship in Ty'nybont and after they moved, some of the members from Ty'nybont started coming to their house in Landrillo, on weeknights to hold prayer meetings. John Jones, Hafodfawr, also joined them. He occasionally preached to them. Around the same time as the the family moved to the mill, a woman called Elizabeth Roberts came to live here from Llanuwchllyn. She was a member with the Independents. After this preaching was held here more often. Mr M. Jones, Llanuwchllyn and Mr J. Lewis, Bala, came to preach here and occasionally Dr. Arthur Jones, Bangor visited his brother in the area and he would preach each time he came. In 1818, William Fairclough rented a house to preach on a Sunday and to keep a day school. Mr M. Jones, Llanuwchllyn was responsible for the rent for the house. At this time Mr Moses Ellis - (afterwards from Mynyddislwyn) - came here  to keep a school and he was very useful in starting a cause here. A branch church was formed here within a year or two of taking that house for preaching and even though there were only a few pitiful, poor people starting the cause, Mr M. Jones was faithful in visiting them and he was assisted by Messrs J. Roberts, Capelgarmon; J. Lewis, Bala; J. Jones, Bancog; J. Jones, Hafodfawr and others. The family in Syrior were very kind to the cause and the Lord's blessing is on them today. In 1821, the cause moved to the old Methodist chapel and has been there for a while. It then moved again to a room attached to New Inn, which belonged to

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William Fairclough. But in 1826, land was obtained on a lease of ninety nine years from Mr. T. Jones, a bellringer from Corwen, for £12/1/00 a year of rent, and he was introduced to Messrs Michael Jones, Llanuwchllyn; J. Ridge, Bala; C. Jones, Dolgellau; E. Davies, Traws-fynydd; S. Roberts, Llanbrynmair; J. Jones, Syrior; T Jones, Braichdu; J. Jones, Penygeulan; D. Owen, Tyuchaf and W. Jones, Penygeulan Glynarthen - as trustees. The chapel was called Hananeel. It was opened on July 3rd, 1827, and on the same day it opened, Mr Hugh Pugh was ordained to be a co-minister with Mr Michael Jones, as we mentioned in the history of Rhydywernen. Mr Pugh stayed here diligently until 1837, when he moved to Mostyn. This cause wasn't a strong one but there were some people who were faithful in its weakness. For years after Mr Pugh left, the church depended on the help of lay ministers and preachers, but the care fell mainly on Mr Thomas Davies, who had started preaching and in fact supported the cause. At the beginning of 1842, this church and the churches in Corwen, and Cynwyd, sent a call to Mr John Evans, who had, for many years, been a minister in Beaumaris, Anglesey. Mr Evans was elderly when he came here, so he didn't have the energy that was needed for new causes and his service, but he was respected and lauded by all. This church didn't have much of his labour as he came here just once a month. Within a few years he had to give up the church and he returned to Beaumaris, where he spent the rest of his life. At the end of 1850, this church sent a call to Mr Humphrey Ellis, Llangwm, and he continues to labour here and the cause, during his ministry has gained ground and strength. Several preachers were raised here. William Jones belonged to this branch even though he preached in Bethel first. Robert Fairclough was also raised here. But Thomas Davies, Pentre', is the preacher that has been connected to the church the longest and has been of more service to it. He spent his life here and has preached a lot, not only here, but also throughout all the circuit of churches. Recently the church and the ministers of the county felt that it would be appropriate to ordain him to the whole work of ministry, since there are so many churches and several of them often with nobody to officiate to them at communion. His ordination took place here on June 2nd, 1870. On the occasion Messrs H. Ellis, M. D. Jones, Bala; J. Peter, Bala; D. Ll. Jones, Ruthin; J. Jones, Abermaw; R. P. Jones, Llanegryn; R. Ellis, Brithdir; E. A. Jones, Dolgellau; E. Williams, Dinas; E. Wynne, Soar; W. I. Richards, Abererch; T. Jones, Middlesborough, and J. Williams, a minister to the Calvinist Methodists in Llan officiated.
This cause saw different seasons, but it has managed to hold its ground and the cause is more comfortable now than ever. We respectfully remember Mr. John Petty, and his wife, who have been here a long time and have been hospitable to the preachers who called by. Mr. Petty, came from Cornwall, to Llwyn, Dolgellau, as an overseer  and afterwards a farmer and kept a shop here. He had learned Welsh quite well.* Some others were here although we cannot say much about them, but they were faithful according to their abilities and their labour will never be forgotten.

* Mr T. Davies' letter.

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CORWEN

Yn nechreu y flwyddyn 1827, daeth Mr Robert Ellis, Caere, (Brithdir yn awr,) at William Roberts, Brynsaint, amaethdy yn ymyl y dref, ac aethant gyda'u gilydd a chymerasant lofft yn ngwesty y Queen, dan ardreth o dair punt y flwyddyn, er dechreu achos Annibynol. Gweithredai Mr Ellis, dan gyfarwyddyd eglwys Bethel, a hwy oedd yn gyfrifol am yr ardreth. Am ddau o'r gloch y Sabboth cyntaf yn Chwefror, daeth Mr Hugh Pugh ac a bregethodd yn y lle am y waith gyntaf. Ei destyn oedd Ioan ix. 4. - " Rhaid i mi weithio gwaith yr hwn a'm hanfonodd tra yr ydyw hi yn ddydd." Daeth Mr John Griffith, Rhydywernen - y pryd hwnw yn ddyn ieuangc - yma gyda Mr Pugh, i ddechreu canu, a daeth yma lawer gwaith ar ol hyny i gynorthwyo yr achos. Yn mis Mawrth canlynol, daeth Mr Michael Jones yma i ffurfio eglwys, a phregethodd ar 1 Pedr iii. 13. - " A phwy a'ch dryga chwi os byddwch yn dilyn yr hyn sydd dda ?" Saith oedd nifer yr eglwys ar ei ffurfiad ; sef William a Jane Roberts, Brynsaint, a Mary, eu merch; John a Sarah Owen, Ty'nycefn; Elizabeth Williams, Llygadog, a Jane Davies, Penybryn, Corwen. Y cyntaf a dderbyniwyd yn aelod yma oedd Joseph Jones, Penybryn, yr hwn sydd etto yn aros yn ffyddlon. Gwan fu yr achos yma am flynyddau, ond deuai Mr Jones a Mr Pugh yma mor reolaidd ag y medrent, a chynorthwyid hwy gan eraill, Bu Mr Pugh am flynyddoedd yn cerdded yma yr holl ffordd o Goedybedo - pellder o ddeng milldir - bob pythefnos i gadw cyfeillach. Yr oedd y lle yr oeddynt yn cyfarfod ynddo i addoli yn anghyfleus, ond nis gallesid cael ei well, a gwnaed llawer cynyg am dir i godi capel arno, ond yn ofer, oblegid mai Toriaid ac Ucheleglwyswyr oedd yr holl berchenogion tiroedd o gylch yma. Wedi ymadawiad Mr Pugh i Mostyn, yn 1837, bu yr achos yma dan anfantais fawr, oblegid nad oedd neb yn arbenig i ofalu am dano. Yn nechreu y flwyddyn 1840, rhoddwyd galwad i Mr Robert Jones, o Sir Fon. Urddwyd ef Ebrill 20fed, 1840. Ar yr achlysur, traethwyd ar natur eglwys, holwyd y gofyniadau, a dyrchafwyd yr urdd-weddi gan Mr T. Ellis, Llangwm; pregethwyd i'r gweinidog gan Mr M. Jones, Llanuwchllyn, ac i'r eglwys gan Mr D. Price, Penybont. Pregethwyd hefyd yn y cyfarfod gan Meistri Jeremiah Jones, Llanfyllin, a John Jones, Parc, Penybont.* Yn y tymor byr y bu Mr Jones yma, sicrhawyd darn o dir trwy ddylanwad Mr John Jones (Glanalwen), Gibson Square, Llundain, i adeiladu capel arno. Eiddo Mr T. Lloyd, Llundain, oedd y tir, ac yn y flwyddyn 1841, cyflwynwyd ef i Meistri J. Jones, Gibson Square; J. Prichard, Corwen ; H. Davies, Penlan ; Joseph Jones, Corwen ; R. Evans, Corwen, ac R. Evans, Derwen, fel ymddiriedolwyr. Dangosodd Mr Jones, Gibson Square, ffyddlondeb mawr yn nglyn a chodi y capel. Rhoddodd £20 ei hun ato, a'r gweithredoedd yn rhad, a bu yn casglu ato oddiar ei gyfeillion yn Llundain. Cymerodd Mr Prichard, Harp Inn, ofal yr adeiladu, a bu yn ffyddlon gyda'r capel yn mhob peth, nes gweled y geiniog olaf o'r ddyled wedi ei thalu. Ni bu Mr R. Jones yma ond ychydig, gan nad oedd yr un o'r eglwysi eraill, a arferai fod dan yr un weinidogaeth, yn uno i roddi galwad iddo. Symudodd i Ceri, Sir Drefaldwyn, cyn diwedd 1841. Yn nechreu y flwyddyn 1842, rhoddwyd galwad i Mr John Evans,

* Dysgedydd, 1840. Tu dal. 287.

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yr hwn oedd wedi bod am lawer o flynyddau yn weinidog yn Beaumaris, i fod yn weinidog i'r eglwys hon a'r eglwysi yn Llandrillo a Chynwyd. Cynaliwyd cyfarfod ei sefydliad, ac agoriad y capel newydd yr un pryd, sef Ebrill 12fed a'r 13eg, 1842; a gweinyddwyd ar yr achlysur gan Meistri H. Pugh, Mostyn; T. Ellis, Llangwm ; D. Morgan, Llanfyllin; J. Parry, Wern ; D. Price, Rhos ; W. Thomas, Dwygyfylchi ; A. Jones, Bangor ; T. Griffith, Rhydlydan ; W. Roberts, Llanrhaiadr ; W. Rees, Dinbych; S. Jones, Maentwrog; D. Griffith, Ruabon; H. Ellis, Llangwm, a J. Griffith, Rhydywernen.* Bu Mr Evans yma dros rai blynyddoedd, ac yna dychwelodd i Beaumaris, lle y treuliodd weddill ei oes. Yn y flwyddyn 1850, derbyniodd Mr Humphrey Ellis, Llangwm, alwad gan yr eglwys yma, a dechreuodd ei weinidogaeth Hydref 6ed, y flwyddyn hono, ac wedi llafurio yn ddiwyd, a chyda gradd o lwyddiant am bymtheng mlynedd, rhoddodd yr eglwysi yn Nghorwen a Chynwyd i fyny, oblegid fod cylch y weinidogaeth yn rhy eang iddo allu gofalu am dano i gyd. Rhoddodd yr eglwys hon a'r eglwys yn Nghynwyd, alwad Mr John Lewis, myfyriwr o athrofa y Bala, i fod yn weinidog iddynt, ac urddwyd  Gorphenaf 26ain, 1865. Ar yr achlysur, pregethwyd ar natur eglwys gan Mr J. Peter, Bala ; holwyd y gofyniadau gan Mr I. Davies, Ruthin ; dyrchafwyd yr urdd-weddi gan Mr R. Williams, Bethesda ; pregethodd Mr M. D. Jones, Bala, i'r gweinidog, a Mr H. Ellis, (eu cynweinidog,) i'r eglwysi. Bu Mr Lewis yma yn ymdrechgar hyd ddiwedd y flwyddyn 1870, pryd y derbyniodd alwad oddiwrth yr eglwys Gymreig yn Birmingham, ac hyd yma y mae y ddeadell hon heb fugail i fwrw golwg drosti.

Heblaw y personau a grybwyllwyd eisioes, bu yma eraill yn ffyddlon gyda'r achos, llawer o ba rai a hunasant, ond y mae yma rai etto yn aros. Bu teuluoedd Penlan a'r Harp, yn gefn mawr i'r achos am flynyddau, a dangosodd Mr. J. Prichard ofal mawr, nid yn unig am y capel, ond am yr achos yn ei holl ranau ; a chyda'r Ysgol Sabbothol, anaml y gwelwyd ei ragorach. Mae Joseph Jones, yr aelod cyntaf a dderbyniwyd yma'i yn aros etto, ac yn ddiacon ffyddlon, a Robert Owen, Tanycelyn, yn gydswyddog ag ef, yr hwn a dderbyniwyd yn aelod yn 1840, ac a ddewiswyd yn ddiacon yn fuan wedi hyny, ac y mae yn parhau yn flaenllaw gyda'r achos yn ei holl ranau.

COFNODIAD BYWGRAPHYDDOL

ROBERT JONES. Nid oes genym ond ychydig o'i hanes i'w roddi. Yr oedd yn enedigol o Lanfwrog, yn Sir Fon, ac yn frawd i Thomas Jones, Amlwch, a Rees Jones, dau bregethwr pur adnabyddus yn eu tymor yn nghyfundeb y Methodistiaid Calfinaidd. Cyfieithodd Thomas Jones lawer o lyfrau yn ei oes, ac efe a gyfieithodd Esboniad Scott. Yr oedd Rees Jones yn fwy poblogaidd fel pregethwr, a bu am ysbaid yn gweinidogaethu yn nghapeli Arglwyddes Barham, yn Browyr, Morganwg, lle y bu farw yn nghanol ei ddyddiau. Nis gwyddom pa fodd, nac yn mha le, y daeth Mr. Robert Jones i gysylltiad a'r Annibynwyr, ond treuliodd lawer o flynyddoedd yn Lloegr, ac yno, fel y tybiwn, y dechreuodd bregethu. Lled ddiddawn ydoedd fel pregethwr, ond yr oedd yn ddyn gwybodus, ac wedi bod yn cadw ysgol mewn amryw fanau. Daeth i Gorwen yn nechreu y flwyddyn 1840, ac

* Dysgedydd, 1842. Tu dal. 189.

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urddwyd ef yn niwedd Ebrill, y flwyddyn hono. Gwrthododd pob un o'r eglwysi a arferai a bod dan yr un weinidogaeth, ag uno i roddi galwad iddo, ac un rheswm o leiaf am hyny, oedd y tywyllwch oedd o gylch ei hanes blaenorol. Yn Hydref, 1841, derbyniodd alwad o Ceri, gerllaw y Drefnewydd, ac aeth yno i ddechreu ei weinidogaeth, ond ar ol bod yno dros ychydig wythnosau, dychwelodd i Gorwen i ymofyn ei deulu. Pan ar ei daith gyda'i deulu yn agos i'r Nag's Head, rhwng y Trallwm a'r Drefnewydd, dymchwelodd y cerbyd, a chan fod Mr. Jones yn ddyn o gorph trwm, ysigwyd ef gymaint fel y bu farw yn mhen tridiau, (Rhagfyr 13eg, 1841). Dyoddefodd i boen mewn hollol ymostyngiad i ewyllys yr Arglwydd. Gadawodd weddw a thri o blant amddifaid heb ddim darpariaeth ar eu cyfer.

Translation by Maureen Saycell (Jan 2011)

Early 1827 Mr Robert Ellis, Caere, now Brithdir, came to William Roberts, Brynsaint, a farm near the town. Together they rented an upstairs room in the Queens Hotel, for £3.00 per year, in order to set up an Independent cause. Mr Ellis operated under the direction of Bethel chapel, they also took responsibility for the rent. At 2 pm the first Sunday in February Mr Hugh Pugh was the first to preach here from John ix 4 -" While daylight lasts we must carry on the work of  him who sent me." Mr John Griffith, Rhydydwernen, came with Mr Pugh to help with the singing, the first of many visits. The next month, March, Mr Michael Jones came to form a church, he preached from 1 Peter iii 13 (appears to be 14 in the New English Bible, 1970) "Submit yourselves to every human institution for the sake of the Lord, .........................for the punishment of criminals and the commendation of those who do right." There were 7 members - William and Jane Roberts, Brynsaint, Mary, their daughter. John and Sarah Owen, Ty'nycefn. Elizabeth Williams, Llygadog, and Jane Davies, Penybryn, Corwen. The first to be confirmed was Joseph Jones, Penybryn, who remains faithful. The cause remained weak for years despite Mr Jones and Mr Pugh visiting as frequently as possible, the latter walking about 10 miles from Coedybebo every 2 weeks for socials. The place they worshipped was not ideal, but attempts to acquire land for building were frustrated by Tories and High Churchmen owning the land around. After Mr Pugh's departure to Mostyn in 1837 there was nobody to care for them. Early 1840 Mr Robert Jones, Anglesey, was called. He was ordained April 20th, 1840, those officiating were -  Mr T. Ellis, Llangwm, Mr M. Jones, Llanuwchllyn, Mr D. Price, Penybont. Sermons were given by Messrs Jeremiah Jones, Llanfyllin, and John Jones, Parc, Penybont.* In the short time he was here a piece of land was acquired to build on, through the influence of Mr John Jones (Glanalwen), Gibson Square, London. It was owned by Mr T Lloyd, London and in 1841 it was presented to the Trustees - Messrs J. Jones, Gibson Square, J. Prichard, Corwen, H. Davies, Penlan, Joseph Jones, Corwen, R. Evans, Corwen, and R. Evans, Derwen. Mr Jones, Gibson Square was very generous toward the building of the chapel with a gift of £20 and collecting from his friends in London. The building was overseen by Mr Pritchard, Harp Inn. Mr R Jones was here for a very short time and moved to Kerry, Montgomeryshire. Early 1842 a call was sent to Mr John Evans, minister of Beaumaris for many years, to minister here and Llandrillo and Cynwyd. His induction took place on April 12th and 13th, 1842. Those officiating were Messrs H. Pugh, Mostyn, T. Ellis, Llangwm, D. Morgan, Llanfyllin, J. Parry, Wern, D. Price, Rhos, W. Thomas, Dwygyfylchi, A. Jones, Bangor, T. Griffith, Rhydlydan, W. Roberts, Llanrhaiadr, W.Rees, Dinbych, S. Jones, Maentwrog, D. Griffith, Ruabon, H. Ellis, Llangwm, and J. Griffith, Rhydywernen.** He was here for some years then returned to Beaumaris where he spent the rest of his life. In 1850 Mr Humphrey Ellis, Llangwm accepted a call and began his ministry on October 6th, the same year, He had reasonable success here over the next 15 years, he gave up the ministry of  Corwen and Cynwyd as the area was too large for him. They called Mr John Lewis, student at Bala, and he was ordained July 26th, 1865, those officiating were -  Mr J. Peter, Bala, Mr I. Davies, Ruthin, Mr R. Williams, Bethesda, Mr M. D. Jones, Bala,  Mr H. Ellis, (the old minister). Mr Lewis was here until 1870, when he accepted a call to the Welsh Church, Birmingham, and so far there is no new minister.

As well as those already mentioned there were many who were faithful to the cause. They include the families of Penlan and Harp, Mr J Prichard with both Sunday School and the chapel. Joseph Jones, first member, and Robert Owen, Tanycelyn as officers, he was confirmed in 1840 and became deacon soon after.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES***

ROBERT JONES - Born Llanfwrog, Anglesea, brother to Thomas Jones, Amlwch, and Rees Jonesboth well known preachers with the Calvinistic Methodists - spent many years in England - after leaving for Kerry, Montgomeryshire he returned for his family and the cart overturned near the Nags Head, between Welshpool and Newtown and being heavy he was badly shaken and died 3 days later, December 13th, 1841 - he left a widow and 3 children.

* Dysgedydd, 1840. Tu dal. 287.

** Dysgedydd, 1842. Tu dal. 189.

*** Only a shortened version of these biographical and professional notes have been translated

CYNWYD

(Gwyddelwern parish)

Mae pregethu wedi bod gan yr Annibynwyr yn y lle yma er's pedwar-ugain-mlynedd yn ol. Yr oedd Sion Edward, yr hwn oedd yn byw yn melin Cynwyd, yn aelod yn Rhydywernen, a bu llawer o bregethu yn ei dy gan Meistri A. Tibbot, W. Thomas, Bala, ac R. Roberts, Tyddynyfelin, ond wedi ymadawiad Sion Edward, rhoddwyd i fyny bregethu yma'i gan mai efe a'i wraig oeddynt yr unig aelodau perthynol i'r Annibynwyr yn y lle.* Ni wnaed cynyg ar bregethu gydag un cysondeb yma ar ol hyny hyd y flwyddyn 1838. Yr oedd yma hen wraig o'r enw Gwen Jones yn byw. Symudasai yma o'r Bala, a bu yn myned yn fisol am flynyddoedd yno i gymundeb, hyd nes yr adeiladwyd Bethel. Ar ol codi capel yn Llandrillo, elai yno yn rheolaidd, ond aeth o'r diwedd yn analluog i gerdded na marchogaeth yno, a chwynai yn ei dagrau wrth Mr Thomas Davies, Llandrillo, i fod yn ei gadael yno heb roddi ambell bregeth iddi. Boddlonodd Mr Davies i ddyfod os gellid cael rhywle i bregethu. Cymerodd yr hen wraig Coach-house oedd yno yn wag am yr ardreth o £2 yn y flwyddyn, a'r nos Ferchcr cyntaf yn y flwyddyn 1838, cynhaliwyd cyfarfod gweddi yno gan frodyr o Landrillo, a'r boreu Sabboth canlynol, pregethodd Mr T. Ellis, Llangwm. Bu yr achos yn y lle yma am ddeuddeng mis, hyd nes y collwyd yr ystafell, ac am chwe' mis ar ol hyny, ymgynnullid yn mharlwr tafarndy yn y lle. Symudwyd wedi hyny i'r Boncynglas, ty Griffith Hughes. Yr oedd y gwr hwnw yn aelod gyda'r Methodistiaid, ond nid amlygwyd un gwrthwynebiad iddo roddi ei dy i'r Annibynwyr i bregethu ynddo. Gwelwyd yn fuan fod yr ystafell yno yn rhy gyfyng, ac wedi ymddiddan a'r eglwysi a'r gweinidogion cylchynol, ac yn neillduol a Meistri M. Jones, Llanuwchllyn, a J. Griffith, Rhydywernen, penderfynwyd ymofyn am le i godi capel. Cafwyd prydles am fil o flynyddoedd ar ddarn o dir gan Mr. Thomas Williams, Felinuchaf, a thalwyd am dano 16p. Adeiladwyd y capel, ac agorwyd ef Mehefin 27ain a'r 28ain, 1842. # Galwyd ef Carmel ; ac yn yr agoriad, pregethodd Meistri T. Ridge, Llangwyfan ; H Ellis, Llangwm ; J. Davies, Llanfaircaereinion ; W. Jones, Dolyddelen ; E. Hughes, Treffynon ; J. Jones, Rhos ; J. Parry, Wern, a D. Price, Rhos. Bu Mr. Thomas Davies, Llandrillo o gynorthwy mawr i'r achos yma o'i gychwyniad, a chaffaeliad mawr i'r achos a fu symudiad Mr. Morgan Edwards o Faentwrog i Benybont, Cynwyd. Mae y lle wedi

* " Sion Edward," Cronicl, 1853. Tu dal. 36,    # Dysgedydd, 1812, Tu dal. 351.

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bod o'r dechreuad dan yr un weinidogaeth a Chorwen, ac felly y mae yn parhau, ond fod y ddau le ar hyn o bryd yn amddifaid o weinidog, ond gofelir am y lle hwn yn benaf gan Mr T. Davies, Llandrillo.

Translation by Maureen Saycell (Feb 2011) 

There has been preaching here by the Independents for 80 years. Sion Edward, Cynwyd Mill, member of Rhydywernen, hosted frequent sermons at his home from Messrs A. Tibbot, W. Thomas, Bala, and R. Roberts, Tyddynyfelin, but after he moved away this stopped as he and his wife were the only Indepenent members in the area.* There was no real effort then until 1838. An old lady named Gwen Jones moved here from Bala and returned there monthly for communion, until Bethel was built. After the chapel was built in Llandrillo, she attended regularly until she could no longer walk or ride there, and she complained bitterly to Mr Thomas Davies, Llandrillo, that she was left without any sermon. Mr Davies agreed to come if somewhere suitable could be found to preach. The old lady rented the Coach House for £2 per year and on he first Wednesday of 1838 a prayer meeting was held there by members of Llandrillo, the following Sunday morning Mr T Ellis, Llangwm preached there. There was a cause there for 12 months, until the room was lost and for 6 months services were held in the parlour of the tavern. Then they moved into Boncynglas, home of Griffith Hughes. He was a member with the Methodists but there was no objections to his home being used for preaching by the Independents. Soon the room became too small and after discussion with local churches and ministers, particularly Messrs M Jones, Llanuwchllyn and J Griffith, Rhydywernen, it was decided to look for land to build a chapel. A lease on some land was agreed with Mr Thomas Williams, Felinuchaf, for £16. The chapel was built and opened on June 27th and 28th, 1842#. It was named Carmel, the following officiated - Messrs T. Ridge, Llangwyfan, H Ellis, Llangwm, J. Davies, Llanfaircaereinion, W. Jones, Dolyddelen, E. Hughes, Treffynon, J. Jones, Rhos, J. Parry, Wern, and D. Price, Rhos. Mr Thomas Davies, Llandrillo was very supportive of the cause from the start and gained with the arrival of Mr Morgan Edwards from Maentwrog to Penybont, Cynwyd. It has always been under the same ministry as Corwen, both are without ministers currently and cared for by Mr T Davies, Llandrillo.

* " Sion Edward," Cronicl, 1853. Tu dal. 36

# Dysgedydd, 1812, Tu dal. 351.

*Only a shortened version of these biographical and professional notes have been translated.

BETTWS-GWERFIL-GOCH

Yn y flwyddyn 1843, symudodd teulu o ardal Cynwyd i'r ardal yma. Gan eu bod yn aelodau gyda'r Annibynwyr, byddai Mr T. Davies, Llandrillo, yn myned i bregethu yn achlysurol iddynt yn eu ty. Yn y flwyddyn 1850, daeth Mr Robert Fairclough yma gan benderfynu pregethu yn rheolaidd, a chodi achos yn y lle. Cymerodd dy gwag oedd yn eiddo Mr Griffith Evans, Bodynlliw, i bregethu ynddo, a'r tro cyntaf yr aeth i dalu yr ardreth am dano, dychwelodd Mr Evans yr arian iddo, a gwerthodd ddarn o dir i adeiladu capel arno. Dyddiad y gwerthiad ydyw Mai, 1850. Agorwyd y capel cyn diwedd 1852, a thrwy ymdrech Mr Fairclough, talwyd y ddyled, fel y mae y capel a'r ty perthynol iddo yn rhydd. Bu y brodyr Edward Wynne a Robert Evans, Derwen, yn ffyddlon iawn i gynorthwyo yr achos yma, ac y maent yn parhau i ymweled a'r lle. Ni bu Mr Fairclough yma yn hir ar ol adeiladu y capel, ac y mae y lle wedi bod yn benaf er hyny dan ofal Mr M. D. Jones, Bala, yr hwn sydd yn dyfod yma fynychaf bob mis i gadw cymundeb, ac ar y Sabbothau pregethir gan fyfyrwyr yr athrofa, neu gan rai o'r pregethwyr cynorthwyol sydd yn yr eglwysi cylchynol. Yn nechreu y flwyddyn 1868, rhoddwyd galwad gan yr eglwys yma i Mr John Williams, myfyriwr o athrofa y Bala, ac urddwyd ef Chwefror 10fed a'r 11 eg ; ar yr achlysur, pregethwyd ar natur eglwys gan Mr J. Peter, Bala ; holwyd y gweinidog gan Mr H. Ellis, Llangwm ; dyrchafwyd yr urdd-weddi gan Mr M. D. Jones, Bala ; pregethodd Mr D. M. Davies, Llanfyllin, i'r gweinidog, a Mr R. Thomas, Bangor, i'r eglwys.* Ni bu arosiad Mr Williams yma ond byr, canys symudodd cyn diwedd y flwyddyn ganlynol i Penygroes, Sir Benfro, ac y mae gofal yr achos fel cynt ar Mr M. D. Jones.

COFNODIAD BYWGRAPHYDDOL

ROBERT FAIRCLOUGH. Ganwyd ef yn Llandrillo. Derbyniwyd ef yn aelod o'r eglwys Annibynol yno gan Mr Michael Jones, Llanuwchllyn. Wedi bod yn pregethu dros rai blynyddau, ac ar adegau yn yr ysgol, derbyniwyd of i athrofa Aberhonddu, lle y treuliodd bedair blynedd. Ychydig o gynydd a wnaeth mewn dysg tra yno, ond cyfrifid ef yn ddyn da, ac awyddus. am wneyd daioni. Urddwyd ef yn Bethania, Ffestiniog, lle y bu dros rai blynyddoedd. Ar ol hyny, aeth i Bettwsgwerfilgoch, lle y bu yn ymdrechgar i godi capel a thalu am dano ; a bu yn y Drefnewydd a Phenllys, ac o'r diwedd, daeth adref i Landrillo, lle y bu farw. Barnai llawer o'r rhai a'i hadwaenai ei fod yn ddyn da, ond i fod yn annoeth, ac yn gyndyn dros fesur. Mewn casglu at gapeli y rhagorai, ac yn nglyn a hyny y tynodd arno i hun, ac y rhoddodd i eraill, fwyaf o flinder. Yn y Bettws y gwnaeth fwyaf o ddaioni. Cododd gapel yno, a thalodd am dano agos yn gwbl trwy ei lafur personol.

* Dysgedydd, 1868. Tu dal. 104.

Translation by Maureen Saycell (Feb 2011)

In 1843, a new family moved from Cynwyd to the area. As they were members of the Independents, Mr T Davies, Llandrillo came to preach to them occasionally. In 1850 Mr Robert Fairclough decided to preach here on a regular basis and raise a cause. He rented an empty house from Mr Griffith Evans, Bodynlliw, to preach in, the first time he went to pay the rent, it was returned to him and sold him a piece of land to build on. The date of the sale was May, 1850. The chapel was opened in 1852, and the debt paid, thanks to the efforts of Mr Fairclough, for the chapel and a house with it. Edward Wynne and Robert Evans, Derwen, supported the cause faithfully. Mr Fairclough left soon after the chapel was built and most of the care undertaken by Mr M D Jones, Bala, who visits monthly to hold communion and sermons on other Sundays given by students at the College, or neighbouring ministers. A student, Mr John Williams, accepted a call early 1868 and was ordained on February 10th and 11th, when the following officiated - Mr J. Peter, Bala, Mr H. Ellis, Llangwm, Mr M. D. Jones, Bala, Mr D. M. Davies, Llanfyllin an Mr R. Thomas, Bangor*. Mr Williams left before the end of the following year and care reverted to Mr M D Jones.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES**

ROBER FAIRCLOUGH -  Born Llandrillo, confirmed by Mr Michael Jones, Llanuwchllyn - educated Brecon for 4 years - ordained Bethania, Ffestiniog - then moved to Bettwsgwerfilgoch, was also at Newtown and Penllys - eventually went back to Llandrillo, where he died - he excelled at collecting funds for chapels.

* Dysgedydd, 1868. Tu dal. 104.

**Only a shortened version of these biographical and professional notes have been translated.

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TRE'RDDOL

(Corwen parish )

Dechreuwyd pregethu yn yr ardal yma gan Mr. Thomas Davies, Llandrillo, yn nhy cefnder iddo, o'r enw Robert Ellis. Yr oedd Robert Ellis ar y pryd hwnw, yn gorwedd yn ei wely wedi tori ei glun trwy syrthio dan drol, pan o dan effeithiau diodydd meddwol. Ymddangosai yn edifeiriol iawn, a phrofodd ei ymddygiad iddo gael ei anwiredd yn atgas. Yr oedd hyn yn y flwyddyn 1843.* Yr oedd teulu Penlan y pryd hwn yn arfer myned i Gorwen, ac yr oedd rhai eraill yn arfer myned i Gynwyd. Cynhelid ysgol mewn lle a elwid y Green, ar dir Penlan, ac yr oedd y Bedyddwyr yn arfer pregethu yn yr ardal, ond am dymor unwyd i gynal yr ysgol a'r moddion yn nhy Robert Ellis, ac ni bu ef a'i wraig yn hir cyn ymuno a'r achos. Yn y flwyddyn 1845, collodd Robert Ellis ei dyddyn, a symudodd i ardal Llandrillo; ond agorodd Rhagluniaeth ddrws i'r achos mewn goruwchystafell perthynol i Mr John Edwards, Penybont, a threfnwyd i'r Annibynwyr a'r Bedyddwyr i addoli ynddi bob yn ail Sabboth, ac felly y maent yn parhau hyd heddyw. Wedi i Mr Humphrey Ellis ddyfod yn weinidog i Gorwen, ffurfiwyd yma eglwys Annibynol yn ngwanwyn 1851. Dyma enwau yr aelodau cyntaf - John a Sarah Owen, Mrs Davies, Penlan; John a Lowry Morris, Berthddu; Robert a Mary Ellis; ac o'r newydd derbyniwyd Miss Davies, Penlan;  Miss Catherine Davies, a Watkin Ellis, Plasynddol. Agos yr un amser, ffurfiodd y diweddar Mr R. Roberts, Plasynbonum, yr ychydig Fedyddwyr oedd yn y lle yn eglwys, a bu y ddau weinidog yn pregethu bob yn ail Sabboth, a'r ddwy eglwys yn cydaddoli bob Sabbath, ond fod pob un yn gofalu am ei Sabboth ei hun, ac yn cynal eu cyfeillachau, ac yn gweini yr ordinhadau ar wahan, a'r cwbl trwy y blynyddoedd yn y teimladau mwyaf heddychol a brawdol. Tystiai Mr Ellis, ar lan bedd Mr Roberts, Plasynbonum, na bu yr un gair o gamddealldwriaeth rhynddynt yn ystod y deunaw mlynedd y buont yn cydweinidogaethu yn Nhre' rddol. Aeth yr ystafell gyntaf a roddwyd gan Mr Edwards, Penybont, yn fuan yn rhy gyfyng, ac adeiladwyd un arall, eangach, a llawer mwy cyfleus, a dodrefnwyd y lle gan y gynnulleidfa unol, ac yn ol argoelion presenol, bydd raid cael pabell helaethach yn fuan etto. Bu Mrs Davies, Penlan, yn golofn gref i'r achos yma o'i gychwyniad. " Mam yn Israel," ydoedd hi, ac yn ei gofal a'i thynerwch anaml y ceid ei chyffelyb. Da genym fod ei hesiamplau yn cael eu dilyn gan ei merched. Cafodd yr eglwys yma golled fawr yn symudiad Mr Morgan Edwards, Ucheldre. Yn Maentwrog, Cynwyd, ac yma, profodd ei fod yn gwir ofalu am achos y Gwaredwr ; ond er colli ffyddloniaid, y mae yma etto ffyddloniaid yn aros.  "Heddwch fyddo o fewn dy ragfur, a ffyniant yn dy balasau."

Translation by Maureen Saycell (March 2011) 

Mr Thomas Davies, Llandrillo, began preaching here in Robert Ellis, his cousin's home. At that time Robert Elis was in bed after breaking his knee while drunk. This was in 1843*. The family of Penlan used to go to Corwen, but others frequented Cynwyd. A school was held in a place named the Green on Penlan land,the Baptists also preached in the  area and they united to hold services and the School in Robert Ellis' home. It was not long before he and his wife joined the cause. In 1845 Robert Ellis lost the tenure of his holding and moved to the area of Llandrillo.Providence took a hand and an upstairs room owned by Mr John Edwards, Penybont was made available for the Indepedents and the Baptists to worship on alternate Sundays, and continues to this day. After Mr Humphrey Ellis became minister of Corwen a church was formed here in the Spring of 1851. These were the founding members - John and Sarah Owen. Mrs Davies, Penlan. John and Lowry Morris, Berthddu. Robert and Mary Ellis,and new confirmations Miss Davies, Penlan,  Miss Catherine Davies, and Watkin Ellis, Plasynddol. About the same time Mr R Roberts, Plasybonum, formed the few Baptists into a church and the two ministers preached alternate Sundays, with the two churches worshipping together but socialising and holding the Sacraments separately. All this in a peacful and friendly way. Mr Ellis stated, at the graveside of Mr Roberts, Plasybonum, that there had been no cross words between them during the 18 years they ministered together in Tre'ddol. The first room donated by Mr Edwards, Penybont, soon became too small and a larger one was built and furnished by the combined congregations. Mrs Davies, Penlan, was a great support as were her daughters. The church suffered a great loss when Mr Morgan Edwards, Ucheldre moved. It was here Maentwrog and Cynwyd that he proved his true care for the Saviour. There are still faithful here.

* Llythyr Mr T. Davies, Llandrillo.

GLYNDYFRDWY

(Corwen parish)

Nid oedd un lle o addoliad gan yr Annibynwyr o Gorwen hyd Langollen, ac fel yr oedd y boblogaeth yn cynyddu, ac amryw o aelodau a gwrandawyr perthynol i'r enwad yn myned i'r ardal i fyw, meddyliwyd y dylasid cychwyn achos, a chodi capel yma. Dechreuwyd pregethu yma mewn anedd-dai, ac yn achlysurol yn nghapeli enwadau eraill yn yr ardal. Y rhai mwyaf gweithgar y tu allan i'r ardal yn y gorchwyl oedd Mr J. Lewis, Corwen,

* Llythyr Mr T. Davies, Llandrillo.

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a Mr T. Davies, Llandrillo, ond bu cyfundeb y sir yn dra chefnogol i'r amcan, a rhoddodd athrawon a myfyrwyr athrofa y Bala help effeithiol er sefydlu achos yn y lle. Cafwyd tir at adeiladu gan y Milwriad Tottenham, am £14. Cynlluniwyd y capel gan Mr S. Evans, Llandegle, a chostiodd yr adeilad £400. Mae wedi ei gyflwyno i John Jones, Robert Ellis, Humphrey Ellis, Michael D. Jones, John Lewis, Samuel Evans, John Peter, Thomas Davies, Hugh Jones, Robert Evans, Robert Jones, a Hugh Eastick, fel ymddiriedolwyr. Agorwyd y capel Mai 27ain, 1869, a phregethwyd ar yr achlysur gan Meistri R. Thomas, Bangor; E. Evans, Caernarfon; M. D. Jones, Bala; J. Rowlands, Rhos, ac eraill. Nid oedd yma ond ugain o aelodau pan ffurfiwyd yr eglwys gan Mr Lewis, Corwen, ond y mae yn myned rhagddi yn raddol, a baich y ddyled agos oll wedi ei symud. Mae y lle heb weinidog er ymadawiad Mr Lewis i Birmingham, ond y mae y gweinidogion cylchynol, a myfyrwyr y Bala yn barod bob amser i gynorthwyo yr achos yma. Y mae agoriad y chwareli yn y gymydogaeth yn argoeli yn ffafriol i ddyfodol y lle hwn.*

* Yr ydym yn ddyledus i Meistri H. Ellis, Llangwm ; T. Davies, Llandrillo ; W. Davies, Bethel ; R. Owen, Ty'nycelyn ; J. Jones, Llangiwc ; J. Lewis, Birmingham, a T. Prichard, Plasyndinam, am lawer o ddefnyddiau hanes yr eglwysi o Rhydywernen Glyndyfrdwy, ac o Landrillo i Bettwsgwerfilgoch.

Translation by Maureen Saycell (March 2011)

The Independents had no place to worship between Corwen and Llangollen, and as the population grew and there were members and listeners moving in, it was decided that there should be a cause started here with a chapel. Preaching began in houses, occasionally in chapels of other denominations. Mr J. Lewis, Corwen, and Mr T. Davies, Llandrillo, were the prime movers in this work, with the backing of the county union, with much help from staff and students at Bala College. Land to build on was acquired from Tottenham Military, for £14. The chapel was designed by Mr S Evans, Llandegle, and cost £400. The trustees were John Jones, Robert Ellis, Humphrey Ellis, Michael D. Jones, John Lewis, Samuel Evans, John Peter, Thomas Davies, Hugh Jones, Robert Evans, Robert Jones and Hugh Eastick. The chapel was opened May 27th, 1869. Messrs R. Thomas, Bangor, E. Evans, Caernarfon, M. D. Jones, Bala, J. Rowlands, Rhos, and others officiated. There were only 20 members when the church was formed by Mr Lewis, Corwen, but is increasing slowly and all the debt paid. There has been no minister since Mr Lewis left for Birmingham, but the College is very supportive.*

* We thank Mesrs H. Ellis, Llangwm, T. Davies, Llandrillo, W. Davies, Bethel, R. Owen, Ty'nycelyn, J. Jones, Llangiwc, J. Lewis, Birmingham, and T. Prichard, Plasyndinam, for the historical materials for Rhydywernen Glyndyfrdwy, and Landrillo to Bettwsgwerfilgoch.

________________________

Dylasem grybwyll hefyd yn nglyn a Phenstryd, am ddau bregethwr arall a godwyd yno, sef John Gwilym Roberts, brawd Robin Meirion. Bu yn athrofau y Bala ac Airedale. Urddwyd ef yn Lloegr, ac y mae yn awr yn Howden, Yorkshire ; ac Ellis Jones, yr hwn a ddechreuodd bregethu yn ddiweddar, ac y mae fel y deallwn, wedi derbyn galwad o Langwm, Gellioedd, a Phentrellyncymer. Gadawyd y cyntaf o'r ddau allan gan yr Argraffydd, ac ar ol gweithio hanes Penstryd, yr anfonwyd i ni enw yr olaf. Yr ydym mor ofalus ag y gallom, ond y mae rhai gwallau yn diangc er i ni wneyd ein goreu. Cywirir y cwbl y deuwn i wybod am danynt mewn Attodiad yn niwedd y gwaith.

End of Merionethshire

Ieuan Gwynedd Jones. National Library of Wales journal. 1978, Winter Volume XX/4

Extracted onto the pages of GENUKI with the kind permission of the National Library of Wales

This is a complete extract of this article (Gareth Hicks May 2003)

AT the consecration of Llanddeiniol new church in October 1835 the Reverend John Hughes, vicar of Llanbadarn Fawr (and later Archdeacon of Cardigan) preached from the text 'Surely I will not go into the tabernacle of my house, nor go up into my bed; I

AT the consecration of Llanddeiniol new church in October 1835 the Reverend John Hughes, vicar of Llanbadarn Fawr (and later Archdeacon of Cardigan) preached from the text 'Surely I will not go into the tabernacle of my house, nor go up into my bed; I will not give sleep unto mine eyes, or slumber to mine eyelids, until I find out a place for the Lord, an habitation for the mighty God of Jacob' (Psalm 132, 2-5). 1  In the course of his sermon the reverend gentleman drew analogies between a Jerusalem bereft of its temple and a deanery of Llanbadarn Fawr sorely lacking places of worship and he could, given the circumstances, be forgiven his rhetoric and rhodomontade. In fact, if there was one thing the deanery did not lack in the 1830s it was places of worship, and the Victorian era in this district was all era of extreme religiosity. As we shall see, churches were added from time to time, but basically what we have to observe during that period is the reconstitution of church life, its inward adaptation and its outward reconstruction in the face of changing circumstances.

It would not be difficult to show that this part of Cardiganshire was in some important yet mysterious respects deeply religious. The contribution of Cardiganshire as a whole to the religious life of Britain has been enormous, and one which is probably almost as old as the coming of Christianity itself. The furthest ecclesiastical point in the vast parish of Llanbadarn Fawr --- sixteen long and heavy miles from the parish church --- is the chapelry of Yspyty Cynfyn with its ancient church set like an exotic jewel in a Celtic stone circle. The name Llanbadarn itself sends the mind reeling back through the centuries to its foundation in the Age of the Saints and to its role as a cathedral and abbey church under the native dynasties, while the name 'Yspyty' reminds us of the existence of that indigenous Cistercian House of Strata Florida whose influence, cultural and religious, on this part of its domaine was immense throughout the centuries. One thinks of the Methodist Revivals of the eighteenth century, and it is a peculiarity of that extraordinary continuing experience that one of its epicentres was at Llangeitho, and that the southern part of the county, within the immediate influence as it were of that little village, continued to spawn out a succession of revivals long after the other religious centre at Trevecca had lost its heat and been dampened in the formal life of an academic institution. And not only the southern part of the county. The most astounding revival of Victorian times in a succession of revivals long after the other religious centre at Trevecca had lost its heat and been dampened in the formal life of an academic institution. And not only the southern part of the county. The most astounding revival of Victorian times in Wales began only a few miles from here at Tre'rddol and Ystumtuen, Bontgoch and Pontrhydygroes, and Yspyty Ystwyth in 1858-9. And the last great Welsh revival --- that of 1904-5 likewise began in the southern seaside parishes of the county.

We might allude also to other remarkable facts to show the religious vigour of these parts. Here is the home of Tractarianism in Wales, and Llangorwen was the first Tractarian church in Wales. 2  Indeed, the Ecclesiologist proclaimed it to..................

................ be 'a church as it should be ... One of the most complete and successful imitations of ancient models that the present age has produced' . 3  It was no accident that it should have been founded here and I hope to show that much that was characteristic in its worship was already present in the worshipping customs of many other churches. Then, going off in another direction, one could point to the long and honourable educational activities of churchmen in these parts. Ystrad Meurig, just to the north of the deanery, was famous for its grammar school long before and long after Bishop Burgess founded Lampeter in 1826. Indeed, one wonders where the Anglican Church would have recruited their priests in Wales if it had not been for the readiness of North Cardiganshire men to enter the church. Archdeacon David Evans (a Llanrhystud man) in his Recollections published in 1904, actually lists 59 men who had to his knowledge entered the ministry from that one parish in his own lifetime, and the Rev. Lewis Evans told his cousin, Isaac Williams, of Cwmcynfelin that 'there are more young men educated for Holy Orders from Llanfihangel Geneu'r Glyn and neighbourhood than any other given locality in Wales'. 4  One would need to know what was the quality of the education they received, but the fact that Rowland Williams---'Bunsen's reviewer' in Essays and Reviews   --- was Vice-Principal at Lampeter from 1850 to 1862 should give us pause, as also should the fact that it was still customary for young men who could not afford the £50 fees of Lampeter to go much more cheaply to Ystrad Meurig or (sometimes the best alternative) to a Dissenting Academy.

I stated at the beginning that the main problem facing the church in the deanery was not merely or mainly a shortage of churches. This was certainly the case when the movement for reform of the church began in the early 1830s. The main problems then and for a considerable time after were the inexorable facts of dilapidation. With the exception of the Chapel of St. Michael's in the borough of Aberystwyth and new buildings to serve new districts, such as Llangorwen (1841), Elerch (1868), St. Mary's Aberystwyth (1873), Penrhyncoch (1881) and Trinity (1886), 5  the activity was confined to rebuilding or reconstructing existing churches, or, in a few cases, carrying out extensive repair works. Dilapidation was the curse of the church in North Cardiganshire. This was true throughout rural Wales, as 5  the activity was confined to rebuilding or reconstructing existing churches, or, in a few cases, carrying out extensive repair works. Dilapidation was the curse of the church in North Cardiganshire. This was true throughout rural Wales, as the Incorporated Church Building Society had come to recognize by 1851. 'Many of the churches in Wales are in a much more dilapidated condition than any in England, and yet, like those in the latter country, are susceptible of complete restoration'. 6   Of the 14 churches and chapels in the deanery in the early 1830s, no less than 12 were either completely rebuilt or otherwise heavily restored on account of the desperately poor state of the fabric. 'Damp and uncomfortable', 'in a state of disrepair', 'very dilapidated' --- these are the reasons one finds in Vestry Books, in Faculties petitioned for and granted, and in articles of consecration. 7

This raises some interesting questions. To what extent were these churches in fact as bad as they were stated to be? There is always a subjective element in judgments of that kind, and fashion and changing sensibilities exert an influence. The Visitation Queries and Answers, both Wardens' and Ministers', often give ..............

.................. the impression that all is well with the fabric, yet a few years later a church has disappeared and a new one built because of the alleged dilapidation, dampness or inconvenience of the old. There is no denying that most were in a very bad way. Archdeacon David Evans in his book of recollections 8  describes how cold and uncomfortable was Llanrhystud, with its shuttered windows, its earth-floor 'Mixed with the bones of our ancestors', its few pews and cruelly hard benches. Moreover, they had been like this for many, many years, and one suspects that they were no worse and no better at the beginning of the nineteenth century than they had been at the beginning of the eighteenth. One would not wish to play down the dilapidations endemic in the churches of the region, but at the same time one might suggest that the sudden and sustained burst of restoration should be regarded as an indicator of a deep change in fashion. People's apprehension of reality changes, as does their ideal of religious behaviour. That is to say, church restoration is a symptom of cultural change --- of rejection of the old and the acceptance of the new.

One sees this from time to time in the petitions for faculties for reconstruction. What exactly is meant by 'Unfit for divine service' in the Llanddeiniol petition of 1833. 9  Or old St. Michael's in 1831 --- when at the previous episcopal visitation the wardens declared the building to be satisfactory? 10  One suspects that incumbents were looking for ways of getting rid of the old box pews in order to replace them with benched open pews. By the mid-Victorian years this is quite clear. Llanilar was entirely reconstructed in order to make it 10  One suspects that incumbents were looking for ways of getting rid of the old box pews in order to replace them with benched open pews. By the mid-Victorian years this is quite clear. Llanilar was entirely reconstructed in order to make it possible to perform modern liturgical forms of service. 'Pews badly made originally, now out of repair, uncomfortable to sit in and most inconvenient for kneeling --- a general wish on the part of the congregation for open seats and a better arrangement of the whole internal fittings, especially, of the chancel. The space around the altar being so limited by the pews ... as to render difficult a reverent receiving of the Holy Communion; and above all, to render the building generally more worthy of them to whose service is dedicated'. 11  Here we have a religious or liturgical revolution, with its popular undertones, demanding a reconstruction of the internal arrangements along more democratic, or religiously equal, lines. But Mr. Parry of Llidiarde, the local squire, insisted on a first choice of eight sittings for himself and four for his servants! The plans for the new church at Yspyty Ystrad-meurig were criticized for leaving too narrow a step at the altar for the priest to kneel at. 12  That was towards the end of the century and by then the aspirations and changing fashions of the few at the beginning of the century had become the accepted norm of the many.

Equally an obsession with Victorian clergymen and laymen was the pressing need to provide accommodation where it was needed. This was a problem aggravated by the enormous size of the parishes. The 14 churches served an area of 174,000 acres. Llanbadarn Fawr itself covered 52,750 acres, Llanfihangel Geneu'r Glyn 32,825, and Llanfihangel y Creuddyn 22,553. The boundaries, of course, were medieval and represented the enclosing of territories sufficient to provide the incomes for incumbents (and in some cases for the appropriators..................

........................ of the livings, for there were no rectories, as we shall see). For centuries these vast hill parishes had supported their sparse pastoral populations and the parish churches and the few chapels of ease had supplied such means of grace as was demanded. Demand changed in response to the operation of two main forces, the one physical, the other spiritual. The first was the growth and the redistribution of population, and possibly it was the redistribution which was of most immediate relevance to the clergy. 13 The villages, especially those in the valley bottoms and in the coastal region almost certainly expanded, but much more serious was the appearance of entirely new communities settled around the lead-mines. Most of these were situated in areas very distant from the parish churches, as in Cwmsymlog, Goginan, Ystumtuen, Cwm Ystwyth, the hinterland of Talybont, and Elerch, and other places. There was an obvious need for chapels of ease in strategic places. The other factor was equally powerful, namely, the demand being made for the means of religious worship. The nonconformists were the quickest off the mark : indeed, it was they, and particularly the Calvinistic Methodists, who created the demand in the first place --- who stimulated that enormous ly, the demand being made for the means of religious worship. The nonconformists were the quickest off the mark : indeed, it was they, and particularly the Calvinistic Methodists, who created the demand in the first place --- who stimulated that enormous hydroptic thirst for spiritual things which periodically exploded in revivals and which by mid-century had resulted in an extraordinary chapel-building activity throughout the deanery. (In an area exactly continuous with the deanery there were by 1905 no hydroptic thirst for spiritual things which periodically exploded in revivals and which by mid-century had resulted in an extraordinary chapel-building activity throughout the deanery. (In an area exactly continuous with the deanery there were by 1905 no less than 105 chapels and schoolrooms) . 14

Hence, the response of the church from the 1830s onwards. Capel Bangor, built in exactly the style of Eglwysfach, was opened in 1839 to accommodate the growing communities of the neighbourhood, mainly leadminers from nearby Goginan and the slopes of the Ystwyth. Llangorwen in 1841, as is well known, was sui generis, but it is important to note that the petition of Matthew Davies Williams of Cwmcynfelin and Wallog pleaded the inadequate means of religious instruction to the demands of the populous and increasing parish of Llanbadarn Fawr. 15  St. Peter's, Elerch was built by Lewis Gilbertson and his family for the same reason --- the means of religious worship being inadequate in a valley busily being exploited for its lead. 16  St. Mary's, Aberystwyth was built for the Welsh population --- to enable the authorities to achieve what was always a major aim of the Welsh hierarchy in the Victorian church, namely, to keep the two languages separate. 17  St. Mathew's, Borth was opened in 1879 --- in this case a direct response to the building of the railway and an investment in seaside-resort business. 18  Penrhyncoch, consecreated in 1881 was situated like a Norman castle at the ancient crossroads into and out of the mine-bearing valleys. 19  Finally, Trinity in Aberystwyth in 1886-8, 20 and the new St. Michael's in 1890. 21 Of these, Eglwysfach (in 1855), Elerch (1868), Trinity (1887) and Penrhyncoch (1901) 22 were made into District Chapelries, so that by the end of the century the deanery had no less than 18 places of worship and in addition was holding services in some other unconsecrated buildings, such as the school at Penparcau. 23

None of this undoubted increase in efficiency was accomplished without cost, and here the church faced what was undoubtedly its greatest obstacle, poverty.

Apart, perhaps, from the town of Aberystwyth itself, the deanery was probably the poorest part of the county and one of the poorest in Wales. Its economic resources were small and the wealth that was produced exceedingly unevenly divided. 'The inhabitants of the parish', wrote the incumbent of Llanafan, Rev. D. E. Jones to the Church Building Society in December 1836, 'with the exception of a few persons hereinafter named, are persons of low and narrow circumstances in life, being either employed in the mine works, or as labourers under Agriculturists of the neighbourhood. The seven or eight farmers in the parish are of limited means, excepting one Proprietor ... 24  Dr. Turner, the Medical Officer of the Privy Council reported in 1866 that 'the children pine for want of food as soon as weaned', and gave it as his opinion that were it not for the prevailing mild weather the people would all die. 25

Poverty of the masses, however, was something distinct from the poverty of the Church: the two were linked only in that their causes were not singular but common, and insofar as the Church given the prevailing religious climate of nonconformity, could

Poverty of the masses, however, was something distinct from the poverty of the Church: the two were linked only in that their causes were not singular but common, and insofar as the Church given the prevailing religious climate of nonconformity, could not look to the general population for assistance. It could look only to its own resources and to the assistance it could expect from its natural allies, the gentry. These latter, where they were patrons and impropriators, in any case had a legal obligation as well as a religious duty to assist. In North Cardiganshire, as in the county generally, lay patrons outnumbered ecclesiastical patrons but by no stretch of the imagination can they be said to have fulfilled their duties with a proper regard for the on as well as a religious duty to assist. In North Cardiganshire, as in the county generally, lay patrons outnumbered ecclesiastical patrons but by no stretch of the imagination can they be said to have fulfilled their duties with a proper regard for the spiritual welfare of their inferiors. The advowsons of new churches were always kept within the church itself or vested in ecclesiastical persons. 26

Much more serious was the poverty due to the alienation of tithes to laymen. There was only one rectory in the deanery worth only £93: all the livings were impropriated and only one of these to an ecclesiastical corporation --- (the end result being the same, of course). The most notorious of the lay impropriators was the family of Chichester from Devonshire, who owned the tithes of no less than nine of the parishes. From these he derived £5,411 annually in tithes. The total income of the incumbents of those nine livings was £1,127 --- an average of  £125 p.a., ranging from a high of £221 to a low of £88. Most of this income came from Queen Anne's Bounty or from parliamentary grants: Chichester's contribution in fixed stipends (payable out of his those nine livings was £1,127 --- an average of  £125 p.a., ranging from a high of £221 to a low of £88. Most of this income came from Queen Anne's Bounty or from parliamentary grants: Chichester's contribution in fixed stipends (payable out of his £5,411 from tithes) amounted to not more than about £60 or £70 per annum.   27  So far as I have been able to discover J. B. S. Chichester gave not a penny to any of the work of reconstruction and renovation and repair . 28

Chichester influence on the deanery was therefore of critical importance and had maleficent effects. It was poverty caused by his depredations that was the underlying cause of the far too numerous pluralities that existed. Eight of the livings were plural livings, 29  and not until towards the end of the century had this necessary evil been removed and each parish provided with its own resident priest. It accounted also for the poor state of the fabric to which we have alluded, and ..........

................when one considers the great amount of money spent in the restorations and rebuildings we can appreciate that for this to have happened while the deanery was steadily being milked of its substance by Chichester must have involved a tremendous effort on the part of clergy and laymen. Local gentry were very generous, especially the Pryse family of Gogerddan: the Powells of Nanteos less so, perhaps: they insisted on the full market price when negotiating the transfer of the land to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for the third St. Michael's. But the bulk of the money in the outlying parishes came by voluntary subscriptions, by grants from the Church Building Society, and from the profits of various fundraising community actions. After 1856 the raising of Church rates was no longer attempted in the deanery. 30  A few figures will show what was happening. In the deanery as a whole between 1840 and 1876 a total of £19,660 had been spent on church building and restoration, and of this sum no less than £19,170 had been raised by voluntary subscription, £285 from the Church Building Society and £200 (at Llancynfelyn) by a church rate (in 1834?) . 31  So, this poor county accomplished what was virtually a complete rebuilding and restoration programme out of its own resources, and when we consider the enormous amplitude of nonconformist places of worship going up at the same time, or themselves being rebuilt and restored, it will sufficiently be understood that my original claim about the religiosity of the county holds good.

The fact that two of the new churches were virtually erected, furnished and partially endowed by private families does not affect the argument. Llangorwen and Elerch were wholly untypical in their origin and style. They were certainly deeply untypical

The fact that two of the new churches were virtually erected, furnished and partially endowed by private families does not affect the argument. Llangorwen and Elerch were wholly untypical in their origin and style. They were certainly deeply untypical of the prevailing theological climate of the deanery. The Rev. Owain Jones has argued in his book on Isaac Williams and in his articles on Tractarianism that there was little that was accidental in the location here of these tractarian churches, but that, on the contrary, there existed a powerful tradition, albeit confined to a few families, of High Churchmanship dating from the Jacobitism of the early eighteenth century. 32  The evidence he adduces is not entirely convincing. A study of the Visitation returns for the whole century indicates that by the early nineteenth century at least (returns of 1807) institutions such as monthly communions, more than one service per Sunday, week-day services, and services (sometimes with communion) on the main festivals were pretty common. This reflected not a High Church tradition but a strong evangelical one and was probably as much a response to Methodistical demands for the regularity of the sacrament as an inbred High churchmanship. Moreover, what on the surface appear to be Tractarian innovations on deeper reflection turn out to be unconscious survivals from the Roman Catholic past. It is necessary always to remember the regularity of the sacrament as an inbred High churchmanship. Moreover, what on the surface appear to be Tractarian innovations on deeper reflection turn out to be unconscious survivals from the Roman Catholic past. It is necessary always to remember that religious development always produces its own forms of social competition, and there is no doubt that this provided a powerful motivation in the reconstruction movement. I have illustrated this theme from the history of the rebuilding of the second St. Michael's, and there is no need to amplify here. 33  Nor should one forget that once the physical presence of the Williamses and Gilbertsons had been removed................

................the churches they had built and endowed soon reverted to a more socially acceptable style of public worship. Some differences remained and traditions survived, but they were minor and quite superficial. Today, we can admire and be thankful for the buildings: but buildings alone cannot perpetuate a revolution.

We can therefore understand the true significance of the movement as a whole in the Victorian era. Mainly, I think, it was highly symptomatic of a profound change in the church's conception of itself. It started as a church in a very religious society, the causes of whose religiosity are probably to be found deep in the social changes being endured by the people as a whole, and in organized movements standing outside and often in opposition to it. It had contributed much to the religious life of the county, but the initiatives had moved elsewhere. It had been slow to analyze the nature of its role in a society which demographic and economic forces were rapidly changing, and slow to adapt even when the consequences of these changes became apparent. It ended by being a church virtually on the voluntary principle, and so far as its social role was concerned not very different from that of the chapels. This, after all, was a reflection of the deep community of the region itself. There is something slightly grotesque in the idea that a few wealthy men could come into this ancient county from outside and by introducing a new theology change its nature in a generation or so. Methodism was an indigenous thing: that was its strength, and its values were those of the people among whom it spread. In the end it is people who make theology.

But finally, it ended as a church most beautifully equipped in its fabric. We should think not only of the great architects: of Underwood, Butterfield, Ritchie and Seddon : we should think also of the common people who so readily responded to a religious ideal of decency, modesty, and quiet, assured beauty. Looking at Elerch Church who can fail to see how richly Butterfield must have responded to the genius of the place? Its harmony goes deep and there is a powerful repose in the way that it lies on the land. North Cardiganshire imposes itself on its buildings, and in the end it is people and history that remain.

IEUAN GWYNEDD JONES

Aberystwyth

Notes;

I N.L.W., SD/C/119. Draft consecration dated 6 October 1835.

2 On Tractarianism in Wales, see O. W. Jones, Isaac Williams and his circle (London, 1971) and the same author's article 'The Mind of Robert Raikes', journal of the Historical Society of the Church in Wales, XVIII (1968). See also D. Eifion Evans, 'Mudiad Rhydychen yng Ngogledd Sir Aberteifi', ibid., iv (1954), pp. 45f .

3 Quoted in O. W. Jones, op. cit., p. 96.

4 ibid., p. 104.

5 For details of the building and consecration of these churches see N.L.W., SD/C/150 (Llangorwen, 16 December 1841), SD/C/76 (Elerch, 29 June 1868), SD/C/11 (St. Mary's. Aberystwyth, 3 June 1873), SD/C/224 (Penrhyncoch, 14 June 1881), SD/C/8, 9, 11 (Holy Trinity Aberystwyth, 10 August 1886, 29 November 1888 and 31 May 1899).

6   Incorporated Church Building Society, Third Quarterly Report, 1850-1, pp. 11-12.

7 For example, N.L.W., SD/F/330, Llanfihangel-Geneur'-Glyn, 8 May 1884 for Vestry Minute; SD/F/450, Llanychaiarn, Vestry Minutes dated 12 December 1877; SD/F/399, Llanilar, Vestry Minute dated 8 May 1873; SD/F/380, Llangwyryfon, for taking down and entirely removing the old church.

8  David Evans, Adgofion yr Hybarch David Evans Arch-ddiacon Llanelwy (Lampeter, 1904), p. 7.

9 N.L.W., SD/C/120 P.

10  N.L.W., SD/C/13 s (d) and N.L.W., St. Michael's MSS and Documents, and 1807 Visitation Returns (Wardens') where they return that the fabric is in good repair.

11  N.L.W., SD/F/399/M (letter dated 2 April 1874).

12 N.L.W., SD/F/690. Faculty granted 28 December 1897.

13 Most of the townships into which the large parishes of Llanbadarn Fawr, Llanfihangel Geneu'r Glyn and Llanfihangel-y-Creuddyn were divided lost population during the century. Only the townships where lead-mining was an important sector in the economy showed anything like sustained increases; for example Broncastellan, Elerch, Cwm Rheidol, Melindwr, Parsel Canol, the parish of Llanafan, Llanfihangel-y-Creuddyn Uchaf, and Gwnws.

14 Royal Commission on the Church of England and other religious bodies in Wales and Monmouthshire, vol. 6, pp. 29 ff. See also N.L.W., SD/S/10/1 'Statistics of Church Work, Finance and Property for the year 1899-1900'.

15 N.L.W., SD/C/150. Consecration dated 16 December 1841. Among the inhabitants who signed the petition were Matthew Davies Williams of Cwmcynfelin and Wallog, and his son, Rev. Isaac Williams, who gave the land, part of Nantcellan Fawr farm.

16  N.L.W., SD/C/76. Consecration dated 29 June 1868. Among the petitioners were Rev. Lewis Gilbertson, Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford, of Cefn-gwyn, whose family gave the land.

17 N.L.W., SD/C/11. Consecration dated 3 June 1873.

18 N.L.W., SD/C/27. Consecration dated 15 September 1879.

19 N.L.W., SD/C/224. Consecration dated 14 June 1881.

20 N.L.W., SD/C/8-9-10. Consecration of the three main stages of building dated 10 August 1886, 29 November 1888 and 31 May 1899.

21 N.L.W., SD/C/145. Sentence of consecration dated 30 September 1890.

22 N.L.W., SD/OC/49 (Eglwys-fach, dated 27 November 1854); SD/OC/108 (Elerch, dated 14 September 1868); SD/OC/148 (Holy Trinity, dated 12 July 1877); SD/OC/163 (Penrhyncoeh, dated 10 December 1901).

23 N.L.W., SD/S/10/1. See also the series SD/DS, from which the chronology and location of the use of unconsecrated places would appear to be as follows: 1834 Rhydmeirionydd (Llanfihangel Geneu'r Glyn); 1839 Aberystwyth; 1842 Borth; 1862 Elerch; 1863 Penparcau; 1863 Penrhyncoch; 1866 Llanafan; 1870 Llanfihangel-y-Creuddyn; 1876 Borth (again); 1878 Llanychaiarn; 1879 Talybont; 1882 Commins Coch; 1822 Llanddeiniol: 1884 Llanfihangel Geneu'r Glyn.

24 Petition from Rev. D. E. Jones to the Incorporated Church Building Society, dated from Llanafan 27 December 1836, File No. 132225.

25 Seventh Report of the Medical Officer of the Privy Council, with Appendix, Parliamentary Papers, 1865, XXVI. , p. 498.

26  In 1835 the position was as follows: the Bishop exercised the patronage of 4 livings, a vicar of 1, and Brecknock Collegiate Church of 1 ; lay patrons owned the advowsons of 7 livings, and the inhabitants of a Chapelry 1 other. In 1900 the position was as follows: the Bishop was patron of 8 livings, a vicar of 1, ecclesiastical persons of 2, lay persons of 5, and the inhabitants of a chapelry of 1. Royal Commission on the Church of England, vol. 5, p. 190

27 For details of incomes, appropriations etc., consult Ecclesiastical Duties and Revenues Report, P.P., 1835, XXII, Table No. 4, which gives the values etc. as at 31 December 1831. For the ownership of tithes around mid-century see 'Tithes commuted and apportioned ... distinguishing those assigned to Clerical Appropriators ..., P.P., 1848, (298); details for all the parishes can be found in summary form in Ieuan Gwynedd Jones and David Williams, The Religious Census of 1851, A Calendar of the Returns Relating to Wales (Cardiff, 1976), passim.

28 There is evidence that he positively refused to subscribe to the repair of the parish church of Llanbadarn Fawr: see Rev. David Evans, incumbent, to the Incorporated Church Building Society dated from Llanbadarn 28 June 1837. Also, same to same, dated 12 March 1838 where he states that Chichester had not deigned to reply even though the chancel was in a bad state of decay.

29 In 1835, Chichester was the impropriator of Eglwys-fach, Llanafan a'r Trawsgoed, Llanbadarn Fawr, Llanddeiniol, Llanfihangel Geneu'r-glyn, Llanfihangel-y-Creuddyn, Llangwyryfon, Llancynfelin, Llanilar, and Llanychaearn. All these, with the exception of the first and last, were held in plurality.

30 'Return of the amount of Church Rates received and expended by Churchwardens in the years ending Easter 1832, 1839 and 1854', P.P., 1857 (Session 2), XXXII (88), and 'Return of the names of all parishes in cities or parliamentary boroughs ... in which (during the last fifteen years) Church Rates have been refused, and since that time ceased to be collected', P.P., 1856, XLVIII (319).

31 'Returns showing the number of churches ... which have been built or restored at a cost exceeding £500 since 1840', P.P., 1876, LVIII (125 and 125 I).

32 O. W. Jones, op. cit., pp. 92 ff. See also D. Eifion Evans, art. cit..

33 Ieuan Gwynedd Jones, 'Religion and Politics: the Rebuilding of St. Michael's Church Aberystwyth and its Political Consequences'. Ceredigion. Journal of the Ceredigion Antiquarian Society (1973), pp. 117-130.

JONES entries

Published on CD by Archive CD Books

This is a listing of the JONES names appearing in this clerical directory; compiled by Gareth Hicks (Dec 2006)

The place names that follow a person's given names are their  locations at that time (or last known address)
The first entry is shown in full as an example of what other data is in the actual directory entry

Abbreviations used;

• [D=Deacon; C=Curate/Curacy; V=Vicar/Vicarage/Vicarial; F=Formerly; p=Priest; w=with; Gl=Glebe; l-pounds; a=acre; P=Patron; TRC=Tithe Rent Charge;Dio=Diocese;
  QAB=Queen Anne's Bounty; RSO= Railway Sub Office]

JONES, Alexander George, Yarkhill Vicarage, Hereford.-Late Scho. of Qu. Coll. Cam. B.A. 1863, M.A. 1881. D 1867, p 1868 Heref. V. of Yarkhill, Dio. Heref. 1883. (P, D. and C. of Heref ; T.R.C. Imp. 130l, V. 220l w 10 1/2 a of Gl. in hand, value 20l; Q.A.B. 80l; Gross Inc. 330l, Net 270l and Ho ; Pop. 443.) ; F Asst. Master of Heref. Cathl. Sch. and C. of St. Jo. Bapt. Heref. 1867-69; V. of Moreton-Jeffries 1869-72; C. of Yarkhill 1869-72; V. of Ballingham w Bolstone Chap. Herefs, 1872-83.

An analysis relating to extant records

This simplistic  (very) analysis is intended to indicate the approximate proportion of Independent chapels in Wales that have extant records deposited in public repositories - in each county.
Some of the sources used here are dated and are known to be 'out of date'   -  but are the only easily accessible sources available to me.
It will be noted that Source 1 was published in 1871+  - and will therefore not include chapels formed after that date.

As a comparison of sources, similar data has also been compiled for CGN only -  from Source 3.
Source 3 is said to include all chapels in  the Religious Census of 1851, plus any others which were included in Source1.

Conclusion

Of course, the overall figures only confirm what we all knew already, that our non-conformist ancestors didn't much believe in  preserving their records for their descendants in the role of future family historians.
The 'preservation average' is 42%, the separate counties ranging from 30% for RAD to 66% for DEN, I leave  readers to draw  their own conclusions from this disparity.

As a matter of additional interest, Source 2 has a note which says;
"During the 1980s an index was compiled ............ of all non-conformist causes which had ever existed in Wales ...................over 5500 chapels were listed but of these only 1350 had transferred their registers to a public repository".
This equates with an overall 24% preservation rate which is significantly worse than the average of 42% arrived at below for Independents - which implies that other non-conformist causes fared even worse in this regard.

The CGN based comparison of sources is close enough in terms of actual numbers, the % disparity is not really significant given the smallness of the numbers.

(Gareth Hicks - June 2008)

Sources

1. Hanes Eglwysi Annibynnol Cymru. (History of the Welsh Independent Churches); By Thomas Rees & John Thomas; 4 volumes (published 1871+)
2. Nonconformist Registers of Wales, NLW 1994 - this is a county based list of chapels with extant records in the public domain
3. The Parish Churches and Nonconformist Chapels of Wales: Their Records and where to Find them; Vol. One, Cardigan - Carmarthen - Pembroke.  By B.J. Rawlins, 1987

Key to Table

1. County
2. Total number of chapels in source 1
3. Total number of Ind. chapels in source 2 with extant records
4. Percentage of chapels with extant records by comparing columns 2 & 3
5. Total number of Ind. chapels in source 3 under CGN
6. Total number of chapels in source 3 with extant records
7. Percentage  of chapels with extant records in CGN by comparing  columns 5 & 6

Return to Hanes Eglwysi Annibynnol Cymru

      January                February                March
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
 1  2  3  4  5  6  7             1  2  3  4             1  2  3  4
 8  9 10 11 12 13 14    5  6  7  8  9 10 11    5  6  7  8  9 10 11
15 16 17 18 19 20 21   12 13 14 15 16 17 18   12 13 14 15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25 26 27 28   19 20 21 22 23 24 25   19 20 21 22 23 24 25
29 30 31               26 27 28               26 27 28 29 30 31

       April                   May                    June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
                   1       1  2  3  4  5  6                1  2  3
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UK and Ireland: Church History

• The GENUKI church database is being developed to help provide information about places of worship and burial grounds.
• Steve Bulman's "The Churches of Britain and Ireland" photograph collection
• Geograph British Isles - contains many church photographs amongst its ever-growing collection.
• A listing of the various County Online Parish Clerk schemes.

• Baptist Church:
  • The General Baptists and Particular Baptists came together in 1891 to form the Baptist Union of Great Britain.  Their Baptist Handbook of 1896 is available free from Internet Archive and contains, among other things, lists of officers, member churches, ministers and personal members.
  • Strict Baptist Historical Society has an online Pastor & Chapels database, library catalogue and a brief history of the church.
  • Regents Park College - Centre for Baptist History and Heritage. 
  • Baptist Historical Society - England and Wales.
• Church of England (C of E):
  • The Church of England was a key secular (as well as religious) institution until the Victorian period.  As part of local government, it was responsible for poor relief, running local charities, and even local roads and law enforcement.  As a result, the 'parish chest' contains a lot more than just the registers of christenings, marriages and burials.  Their registers also often contain records of adherents to other (non-C of E ) religions.
  • A Church Near You - a church search facility that in many cases gives maps with current Church of England parish boundaries.
  • Church of England Record Centre - "collections held at Lambeth Palace Library".
  • The Churches Conservation Trust  (formerly the Redundant Churches Fund) protects historic churches that have been made redundant but not sold off by the C of E.
  • Clergy of the Church of England - "a relational database documenting the careers of all Church of England clergymen between 1540 and 1835".
  • The Incorporated Church Building Society's archive includes over 15,000 files relating to applications by parishes for grants from the Society 1818 to 1982. Their online database lists the archive contents and provides links to online copies of plans and drawings of many of the C of E churches.  The society is now part of the National Churches Trust.  
• Congregational Church
  • Initially known as Independents, most Congregational congregations joined the Presbyterians and other denominations to form the United Reform Church in 1972 - see Wikipedia.
• Gospel Hall 
  • List of present Gospel Hall churches
• Jews - see Jewish Records
• Lutheran
  • A History of the Lutheran Church in Great Britain (archived copy) from the Trinity Lutheran Congregation website.
• Methodist Church
  • The Primitive Methodist church was an early 19th century (1807) secession from the Wesleyan Methodist church and was particularly successful in evangelising agricultural and industrial communities at open air meetings. In 1932, the Primitive, Wesleyan and the United Methodists joined together to form the Methodist Church in Britain. Their website provides a brief history of Methodism and advice on research.
  • The Methodist Church provides a list of Other Methodist websites.
  • The University of Manchester's Methodist Archives and Research Centre provides a Guide to Methodist Resources at the University of Manchester (archived copy) and an Index of Methodist Ministers and Probationers who have Died in the Work.
  • Dwight Radford's Index to Methodist Ministers (1819-1968).
  • The Wesley Historical Society offer a guide to help you search for Methodist family records and the Dictionary of Methodism which includes, among other things, brief biographical information.
  • My Methodist History, My Primitive Methodist Ancestors and My Wesleyan Methodist Ancestors are user-contributed sites to share information and research about Methodism, including some Berkshire chapels.  
  • Englesea Brook Museum of Primitive Methodism. 
  • Methodist Heritage aims to preserve historic Methodist sites and archives; their free handbook lists over 120 sites, including chapels, libraries, archives and museums.
  • The Origin and History of the Primitive Methodist Church, H. B Kendall - Vol 1 and Vol 2 are available free from eBooks.
• Presbyterian Church
  • In 1972, the Presbyterian Church joined the Congregationalists (see above) and others to form the United Reform Church. They were influenced by Calvinism which rejected bishops and believed that the church should be governed by their ministers and members.
• Roman Catholic Church
  • The TNA have a guide to researching Catholics.  
  • Brief timeline (archived copy) of the Catholic Church in England (later the UK) from the break with Rome in 1534 until emancipation in 1829.
  • Catholic Family History Society.
  • The Catholic History Website is a partnership of societies and individuals with an interest in Catholic history in the British Isles since the Reformation.
  • Catholic National Library (archived copy).
  • Archive of the Tablet - the Catholic News Weekly, founded 1840.
• Unitarians
  • Unitarian Historical Society include an online index to obituaries of Unitarian ministers, 1800-2004, and bibliography of Unitarian congregations since 1800.