This page was created in appreciation of the extent that the Wales pages of Genuki have benefited from using on our pages data transcribed from various CDs published by Archive CD Books (ACDB)

Rod Neep started up ACDB  around 2000, I quote

"The Archive CD Books Project exists to make reproductions of old books, documents and maps available on CD to genealogists and historians, and to co-operate with libraries,
museums and archives in providing assistance to renovate old books in their collection, and to donate books to their collections, where they will be preserved for future generations."

I can trace my first dip into one of his CDs in 2001 with Pigot's South Wales Directory 1830 & 1844 on the CGN pages, I hasten to add that this was with Rod's approval which he gave willingly.

By 2002 I was busy transcribing extensively from the CD  Samuel Lewis's Topographical Dictionary 1833 having loaned Rod my own volumes of the book for the very purpose of getting them published, it was also a lot easier OCR-ing from the CD than scanning the pages manually!

A major project from an ACDB CD was the transcribing in 2007 onwards of the Welsh language book Hanes Eglwysi Annibynnol Cymru (History of the Welsh Independent Churches), this covered 9 of the 13 Welsh counties. There followed a translation programme which is still ongoing today (May 2017), indeed only 2 counties await completion.

Although Rod Neep retired in 2007, the Archive CD Books project survives worldwide and as far as I am aware all CDs previously published are available for purchase from one regional site or another.

Apart from the occasional one off I haven't made much use of these CDs in latter years but have just started transcribing selected data from  Kelly's South Wales Directory 1923 onto the GLA pages, I have owned this CD since Rod Neep's days (probably bought in his 'closing down' sale!).
I follow the principle that most potential purchasers of this CD would be more interested in finding whether their ancestor's name was listed in the trade directories etc - I don't extract personal names data and on this CD in particular there is quite a lot of it for researchers to look at.

Thanks Rod

Gareth Hicks
10 May 2017

General description relating to ' South Wales'

Extracted  by Gareth Hicks with the kind permission of the publishers from the CD of the same title as the main heading. (Archive CD Books)

There is a full parish breakdown of the Poor Law Unions in the six counties of Brecknockshire, Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire, Glamorgan, Pembrokeshire, and Radnorshire---with Monmouthshire excluded. There are also details of the 3 District Probate Registries.

SOUTH WALES consists of substantially the larger half of the Principality, and comprises six counties, viz. ---Brecon, Cardigan, Carmarthen, Glamorgan, Pembroke and Radnor; which have the following areas and population:

Column headings

• 1. Acres; Ancient or Geographical Co
• 2. Acres; Administrative Co
• 3. Population 1901.

                          1                2                3

 Brecon ... ... 475,224 ... 469,301 ... 59,907

 Cardigan ... 440,630 ... 443,071 ... 60,240

 Carmarthen ... 587,816 ... 587,816 ... 135,328

 Glamorgan ... 518,863 ... 518,863 ... 859,931

 Pembroke ... 395,151 ... 392,710 ... 88,732

 Radnor ... ... 301,164 ... 301,164 ... 23,281

Only two of these counties are inland, Radnor and Brecon, or Brecknock; all the others reach the sea, and present a coast line, fairly regular on the northwest, but very irregular on the west and south, owing to the existence of several large bays and many indentations. Cardiganshire, the north-western county, preserves an almost unbroken sea-front, from the estuary of the Dovey to that of the Teifi, the only interruption being at New Quay, where there is a small bay and a bold headland. Pembrokeshire, which follows, is a broad peninsula, with several small bays on the north, and the promontory called Strumble Head; on the east is the broad expanse of St. Bride's Bay, closely sbut in on the north and south, St. David's 'Head and Ramsey Island forming the point of the northern horn, and the islands of Skomer and Skokholm lying at the opposite extremity: further south are St. Ann's Head, Milford Haven, Freshwater Bay and St. Gowan's Head, and eastwards, Caldy Island, which is nearly opposite Tenby. The Carmarthenshire coast is comparatively unimportant, but gives its name to a long open bay, including the estuaries of the Taf and Towy, and the Llwchwr or Burry river inlet on the east. Glamorganshire includes the Gower peninsula, which is about 15 miles long by 8 in extreme breadth, and is bounded on the north by the Barry inlet; on the east is Rhosily Bay, with Worms Head; on the south, Port Eynon Bay, Oxwich Bay, lying between Oxwich point, and Pwll-du Head; and to the east, Swansea Bay, on which that town stands, and which is sheltered on the south by the Oystermouth or Mumbles promontory. The rest of this coast stretches out with a boldly convex outline into the Bristol Channel, and includes Cardiff, where is the outlet of the river Taff.

 The physical features of South Wales are much varied, and present strong contrasts, the hilly, and in parts mountainous regions being largely moorland, but often thickly wooded, and alternating with deep and secluded gorges, expanding into open valleys, traversed by foaming and rushing torrents, which at length become wide rivers, flowing placidly through beautiful and diversified scenery of hill, wood and valley, to the sea. The mountains are of considerable, though not overpowering height, and arrange themselves in several groups, or divisions : one great range begins at St. David's Head, and is continued in a north-easterly direction through Cardiganshire into Radnor, it includes the Preceley mountains (1,754 feet) and peaks south of Rhayader, rising to 2,120 feet. From Mid Wales to the north-east runs another range, including the heights of Cilycwm Forest and Cefn Llwydlo, near Llandovery, and east of it the Mynydd Bwlch y Groes, and Mynydd Epynt, continued past Builth by the Aberedw Hills, to Radnor Forest (2,163 ft.). In Carmarthen and Brecknock shires are the Black Mountains, or Great Forest, extending eastwards from Llandilo Fawr, with a maximum height of 2,596 ft. and continued by the Brecon Beacons, of which the loftiest peak is Pen-y-Fan (2,910 ft.). In the northern part of Glamorganshire, enclosing the Vale of Neath on the south, is another range, stretching from Neath to beyond Aberdare, the highest peak being Craig-y-Llyn (1,971 ft.) nearly opposite Glyn Neath. But the scenery of South Wales derives its greatest strength and beauty from the exquisite picturesqueness of its streams and rivers; and though, in many cases, the smaller rivers and valleys have been defiled and their attractions destroyed by the nature of the industries pursued beside and around them, the larger ones, for the most part, still remain fair and unpolluted, and present to the visitor an ever varying succession of delightful prospects. On the western side, the chief rivers are the Rheidol and Ystwyth, both of which debouch at Aberystwyth; the Ayron, falling into the sea at Aberayron, and the Teifi, whose outlet is at Cardigan : flowing south into wide adjacent estuaries below Carmarthen, there are the Taf and Towy; the Neath discharges itself at Neath ; the Taff and Rumney at Cardiff, and the Sirhowy and Usk at Newport. The eastern side is traversed, somewhat circuitously, by the famous Wye, which, between Llangurig and Hay, displays some of its finest scenery, unmarred by the later ebb of tidal water.

 The Welsh coal fields extend southwards from some isolated districts near Shrewsbury, and occupy, generally, the whole of South Wales, but narrowing towards the west, their greatest breadth, between Merthyr and Cardiff, being rather over 20 miles ; and there are other coal districts stretching across Pembrokeshire. The presence of these great coal fields maintains not only a very widely spread mining industry, but also important and extensive iron works, and others devoted to the smelting of copper and tin. Lead mines are worked in Carmarthen and Cardigan shires, and silver is also found in small quantities. To facilitate the traffic created by these various industries, a large number of railways have been constructed, especially in Glamorganshire, where they form a perfect network of inter-communicating lines, mostly leading in the direction of Cardiff and Newport.

 The principal lines of railway are the Great Western, whose system extends from Hereford, and from Bristol (via Severn Tunnel), throughout the sea-bound counties as far as Cardigan, Fishguard and Haverfordwest. From Carmarthen on the main line is a branch to Aberystwyth.

 The London and North Western runs south from Shrewsbury through Builth and Llanwrtyd Wells to Llandovery and Llandilo, and also has some local sections west of Merthyr, and in Pembrokeshire.

 The Midland enters Brecknockshire through Hay and Brecon to Swansea.

 The Mid Wales line, a continuation of the Cambrian system, runs from Llanidloes to Three Cocks Junction on the Midland railway.

 The Taff Vale railway is confined to Glamorganshire, and has its chief terminus at Cardiff, but includes branches from Pontypool to Merthyr, Aberdare and Treherbert. There are also several canals.

 The Agriculture, like the climate, is necessarily much affected by local physical conditions, and but little of the soil, comparatively speaking, is under cultivation; much of the land on the banks of the greater rivers is meadow and pasture, and it is along the valleys of these rivers that the soil is most fertile, and the crops accordingly most abundant. At the same time, the hills and mountain sides, though unproductive, are largely used as grazing land for cattle, ponies, and flocks of diminutive sheep, which are allowed to roam about at will, and are only collected for the winter or periodically. Flannel of excellent quality is manufactured in Wales generally, and in many cases this industry is carried on by cottagers in their homes. The commerce of South Wales may be most comprehensively understood by a reference to the accounts given under its principal centres, viz.: Cardiff, Swansea, Port Talbot and Barry.

 In the 6th century, the country we now call Wales was merely a district of South Britain, inhabited, in turn, by pre-Aryan and Celtic tribes, until they were overpowered by the Romans, who introduced the elements of civilization and a settled form of government, but on their retirement in A.D. 410, the tribal system was resumed, and the country reduced to a state of anarchy. It was then invaded by the Irish Danes and the Saxons of Wessex and Mercia, and Offa, in 779, built the famous Dyke from the Dee to the Wye to mark off his dominions, and protect them against Welsh incursions. In the meanwhile the country was divided into a number of petty states, each jealous of the other, and constantly engaged in paltry and purposeless feuds and sanguinary conflicts, until at length, Rhodri Mawr (Roderick the Great), King of Gwynedd (A.D. 843), having, by some means, largely added to his original patrimony, apparently became ruler over nearly the whole of Wales. He died in A.D. 877 and left three sons, to whom he is said to have allotted Gwynedd or North Wales, Powys-land, and South Wales or Dynevor respectively. Howel Dda, his grandson, and second Prince of South Wales, was a famous chieftain, and attempted, but failed, to create a spirit of national unity, and after submitting himself with other Welsh Princes to Alfred the Great, died in A.D. 948, and the Saxon power being unable to maintain order, the country again fell into confusion. In 1015 Llewelyn ap Sitsylt or Cecil, fifth Prince of South Wales, acquired a leading position, and his son, Gryffydd, who became King of Gwynedd in 1039, in 1044 was master of all Wales, but two years later did fealty to England, and was eventually slain by his own subjects in 1064. Wales, which had during the rule of this Prince been overrun in 1063-4 by Harold and Tostig, was invaded in 1081 by William the Conqueror, and the subjection of South Wales was ensured in 1090 by the defeat and death of Rhys ap Tewdwr Mawr, 11th Prince of this line; several other Princes succeeded in turn to the sovereignty, the last, according to Dr. Heylin, being Meredydd ap Owain, 17th in order, who died in 1235, and the barons of South Wales finally submitted themselves to Edwd. I. in 1277. The territories conquered by William I. and his barons and knights, became known as the "Lordship Marches",   and had all the rights of Palatine Earldoms : the Lords Marchers, one hundred and forty-two in number, held regal power within the limits of their respective districts, owing allegiance only to the King, to whom also internal disputes had to be referred ; nevertheless, the King's writ was inoperative on the Marches, and all offences were said to be against the peace, not of the King but of the Lord. Yet, although their power individually was great, they were collectively weak, being as much divided as the Welsh chieftains themselves. The latter, who in Mid and North Wales still maintained a bold front, and displayed much activity, constantly opposed the invaders, and up to the time of his death in 1240, Llewelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of Gwynedd, made unceasing attacks upon the Lords Marchers and even succeeded in wresting from them some part of their conquered territory.. By the Act 28 Edw. I. c. 2 (1354) these regal Lords were made dependents of the Crown, and Hen. VIII. by an Act in the 27th year of his reign (1536), incorporated Wales with England, and thus restrained their powers, and they are said to have been finally suppressed by the Act I Wm. and Mary, c. 27 (1689), but this is not, even up to the present day, fully acknowledged, there being still several gentlemen of estate who claim for themselves the title of  "Lord Marcher".  

 The political history of Wales may be said to date from the reign of Hen. VIII. who made the whole country   "shire-ground",   i.e. divided it into counties, and by the above and subsequent Acts gave it a form of local government and parliamentary representation, but no parliamentary returns for Wales now appear to exist until the Parliament of 33 Hen, VIII. (1541-2), in which all the counties of South Wales (except Cardigan) and most of the principal boroughs are represented; for the next parliament, 37 Hen. VIII. (1545), no returns have been found; but in those of I Edw. VI. (1547) the county and borough of Cardigan both appear, Brecon and Radnor being omitted, and there is no full parliamentary return of all the 12 Welsh counties and boroughs until 7 Edw. VI. (1552-3). South Wales now returns 18 members, of whom 11 represent Counties, 3 Parliamentary districts, and 4 the towns of Swansea, Cardiff and Merthyr.

 Municipal institutions had their rise during the Norman and later periods, and over 30 towns in South Wales either are, or have been, municipal boroughs; of these, 10 claim prescriptive rights. Some of the earliest charters of incorporation were granted by the territorial lords, and the later royal charters principally by the Plantagenet and Tudor monarchs, but in one or two oases of existing corporations, their existence is little more than nominal, and the Mayor, in one instance at least, is appointed by the lord of the manor; independently of this gentleman, there now appear to be in South Wales about 14 actual Municipal Corporations.

 The Welsh system of Judicature originated in the establishment by Edward IV. in 1479 of the " Court of the President and Council of Wales".   This court held its sittings at Ludlow, and under its auspices a special Court of Justice, known as "The King's Great Sessions in Wales",   was held twice a year, and this arrangement was continued until, in 1822, the Common Laws Commissioners, as the result of an enquiry, reported that its maintenance was not desirable, and by an Act of Parliament passed in 1830, the Special Great Sessions, were abolished, and new Circuits created, which are now served by the ordinary judges of the High Court.

 The Ancient Courts of Probate and Depositories of Wills have of late years been consolidated and re-settled, and as regards South Wales, are now located as follows:the Consistorial Episcopal Court of Carmarthen and that of the Archdeaconries of Cardigan and St David's are both at Carmarthen; in the former which retains many testaments from the other parts of the diocese, the wills date from 1600; in the latter, only from 1746; the Consistory Court of the Archdeaconry of Brecon is at Hereford, and besides the counties of Brecon and Radnor, it includes the parishes of Kerry and Mochtre in Montgomery, Cwmyoy and Oldcastle in Monmouth, and 8 parishes in Herefordshire, and its wills date from 1625; the Consistorial Court of Llandaff remains there, and has wills from 1590; the Palmers' Guild at Ludlow, once the chief seat of the Welsh Judiciary, also had testamentary jurisdiction, and wills proved under this authority from 1304 to 1499, are now in the custody of the Town Clerk.

 DISTRICT PROBATE REGISTRIES.

Carmarthen.

Comprising the Counties of Cardigan, Carmarthen, including the town of Carmarthen, and Pembroke, including the town of Haverfordwest, with the deaneries of East and West Gower in the county of Glamorgan

Registrar, Herbert Murray Fraser, King st. Carmarthen,

 Llandaff.

 Comprising the County of Glamorgan, with the exception of the deaneries of East and West Gower, and Monmouth

 Registrar, Charles Herbt. Wilkinson, Cardiff rd. Llandaff

 Hereford.

 Comprising the Counties of Radnor, Brecknock and Hereford

 Registrar, Henry Cecil M. Nolan, 27 Castle st. Hereford

Christianity is said to have been introduced into Wales in the 2nd century, and according to Bede and the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, through Lleurwg, Lucius or Lud, a King of the Britons, who is affirmed to have sent an embassy to Eleutherus, bishop of Rome (177-92), desiring to be instructed in the Christian faith : for this purpose, " two most religious doctors", by name Dwyvan and Fagan, were sent to Britain, and having baptized Lucius and his people, preached to them the Gospel of Christ. Subsequently an Archbishopric was founded at Caerleon-on-Usk, for the government of the Church in Wales, and transferred, c. 519, to St. David's, although that see and monastery was probably not fully established till, A.D. 600; it remained archiepiscopal or quasi-archiepiscopal until 1115, since which date the occupants of this see have held the status only of bishops. It now includes the entire counties of Cardigan, Carmarthen and Pembroke, almost all Brecon, and, saving a few parishes, the whole of Radnor, besides two deaneries in Glamorganshire, and it contains 414 benefices.

 The first church at Llandaff is said to have been founded by the King Lucius already mentioned, and the earliest known bishop is St. Dubricius, who was consecrated by St. Germain, died A.D. 612. This see comprises the entire county of Monmouth, most of Glamorgan, parts of two parishes in Brecknock and part of one parish in Hereford, and it contains 263 benefices. All the Welsh sees were made subject to Canterbury by a decree of Innocent III. in 1203.

 The Ecclesiastical architecture of South Wales, generally considered, is not particularly interesting, although churches are numerous, but in some cases they are more noticeable on account of the military character of their towers, evidently built for purposes of defence. The grandest examples are, of course, the magnificent Cathedral of St. David's, the elegant and admirably restored Cathedral of Llandaff, and the great cruciform priory Church at Brecon, and there are others which present features of special interest, among which may be named St. Woollo's, Newport, the priory Churches of Chepstow and Abergavenny, Llanbadarn Fawr, Llanddew, Haverfordwest, Llantwit, Gumfreston and Carmarthen. During the last half of the 19th century much was done in the restoration or building of churches in Wales.

 The formal separation from the Church took place in 1811, and the sects now chiefly represented are the Calvinistic, Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, Baptists, and Congregationalists.

Education in Wales has certainly made great strides, and is now pursued with unmistakable enthusiasm by all classes. What may be called "popular education" began with the Rev. Griffith Jones, vicar of Llanddowror, in Carmarthenshire, who, in 1730, established a system of  "circulating schools",   which, however, had only a local character. On the passing of the Elementary Education Act, 1870   (33 and 34 Vict. c. 75), School Boards were formed throughout England and Wales, and in 1900 there was, in South Wales, a population of 912,973 under these Boards. Welsh education received a further impetus by the operation of the "Welsh Intermediate Education Act, 1889" (52 and 53 Vict. c. 40), the purpose of which is "to make further provision for intermediate and technical education" ; and there were in 1905 46 schools in South Wales which had been established under this Act. The University of Wales was founded November 30, 1893, and includes the three colleges of Bangor, Aberystwyth and Cardiff, its governing body meeting at Aberystwyth ; there is also the important Theological College of St. David's at Lampeter, and both these institutions are empowered to grant degrees.

 The antiquities of South Wales, both pre-historic and mediaeval, are numerous, varied, and of the highest interest. Cromlechs and meini-hirion or longstones are common, and the latter sometimes bear Ogham or other inscriptions ; Cromlechs are more prevalent in Pembrokeshire than elsewhere, but are often imperfect, their slabs having frequently been used for fencing and kindred purposes : Camps are met with in almost every locality, and in some parts, the cliffs, immediately above the sea, show traces of having been strongly fortified, and this is especially the case on and about St. David's Head : Offa's Dyke is yet perfect in many places, and some British and Roman roads are still in evidence ; there are also many wells or springs, some of which possess medicinal or curative properties, while others, believed to have magical powers, are tenaciously regarded with superstitious veneration. The mediaeval antiquities include, besides a number of monastic churches still in use, the more or less extensive ruins of various abbeys and priories, the chief of which are Neath and Ewenny in Glamorgan, Cwmhir in Radnorshire, Talley or Tallac in Carmarthenshire, Strata Florida in Cardiganshire and Haverfordwest and Monkton in Pembrokeshire : there are also a few ruined chapels, such as St. Govan's near Pembroke, and St. Justinian's and St. Nun's chapels near St. David's, and the chapel of St. Mary's College, also at St. David's. The ruined Castles of South Wales are mostly of a military character, but in some cases, such as Manorbier and Llawhaden, were residential, rather than defensive ; those most worthy of note are Caerphilly, Haverfordwest, Kidwelly, Laugharne, Llanstephan and Pembroke.

 Among the seaside resorts, Tenby holds the first place, and may be described as a miniature Scarborough, possessing both north and south sands ; the town, still encompassed by its ancient walls, is a pleasant one, and has an attractive neighbourhood. Other popular watering places are Saundersfoot, Pendine, Manorbier and Penally, all on Carmarthen bay; Oystermouth or Mumbles on Swansea bay ; Dale, near Milford Haven ; Solva, on St. Bride's bay; St. David's; and Fishguard, Newport and Aberaeron, on Cardigan bay. The chief inland resorts are those which attract visitors on account of the medicinal qualities of their wells, or springs, and comprise, Llandrindod in Radnorshire; and Builth, Llangammarch and Llanwrtyd in Breconshire. The waters of Llandrindod and Builth are similar, and include both saline, chalybeate and sulphur springs ; those of Llanwrtyd are, in parts, similar, while at Llangammarch is a spring highly charged with chloride of barium. To these places may be added Pont-Neath-Vaughan near Glyn Neath, which is largely visited on account of the numerous fine cascades created by the rivers Perddyn, Little Neath, Mellte and Hepste in their tumultuous descent through the rocky and picturesque gorges with which this locality abounds; and there are other splendid waterfalls near Erwood and Resolven, and at Ystradgynlais.

The following list gives the Poor Law Unions with the places in each; ---

BRECKNOCK COUNTY

Brecknock Union

 Builth Union.

 In Brecknockshire.

 In Radnorshire.

 Crickhowell Union.

 Hay Union.

 In Brecknockshire.

 In Radnorshire.

 In Herefordshire.

 CARDIGAN COUNTY.

 Aberayron Union.

 Aberystwyth Union.

Cardigan Union.

In Cardiganshire.

In Pembrokeshire.

 Lampeter Union.

 Tregaron Union.

CARMARTHEN COUNTY.

 Carmarthen Union,

   Llandilo-Fawr Union.

Llandovery Union.

Llanelly Union

Newcastle Emlyn Union.

In Carmarthenshire.

In Cardiganshire.

 In Pembrokeshire.

 GLAMORGAN COUNTY.

 Bridgend & Cowbridge Union.

 Cardiff Union.  

Gower Union

  Merthyr Tydfil Union.

Neath Union.

 Pontardawe Union.

 Pontypridd Union.

Swansea Union.

PEMBROKE COUNTY.

Haverfordwest Union.

Narbeth Union.

In Pembrokeshire.

 In Carmarthenshire.

Pembroke Union.

RADNOR COUNTY.

 Knighton Union.

Rhayader Union.

Principal Markets and Fairs in South Wales

Extracted  by Gareth Hicks with the kind permission of the publishers from the CD of the same title as the main heading. (Archive CD Books)

Aberavon, fair on first monday in April & September for pleasure ; market day, saturday

Aberayron, fairs on March 14, April 10, May 4, last wednesday in July & October, November 13 & December 20.

Aberdare, fairs April 1 & 16 & November 13, for cattle.Market day, saturday

Aberystwyth, fairs May 10 & September for horses & cattle, & the two first mondays after November 12 for hiring servants. Market days, monday & saturday & cattle fair or market is held on the first monday in every month

Ammanford, market day, saturday

Brecon, fairs first tuesday in every month & the third tuesday in May, June, July, August, September, October, November & December. The first tuesday in May & November are pleasure & hiring fairs. Market day friday, for cattle, sheep, &c

Bridgend, fairs April 1, holy thursday & November 17. A great market on the first & third monday in every month

Brynmawr, fairs on Whit monday & the monday before September 25. Market day, saturday

Builth, fairs for cattle, sheep & pigs, February 16, monday next before May 12, June 27, Builth feast, last week in August, October 2 & Dom fair December 6 ; for horses on January 31, April 16, July 17 & October 16; when any of the above days fall on a sunday the fair is held on the following monday. Market day, monday

Caerphilly, fairs for cattle, February 28, April 4 & 5, Trinity thursday, July 19, August 25, October 9, November 16, & the thursday before Christmas. Market day on thursday, principally for the sale of cheese

Capel Cynon, fairs on Ascension day & Michaelmas day

Cardiff, fairs on Whit monday, second wednesday in March, April & May, June 29, September 19 & November 30. Market day, saturday

Cardigan. fairs are held on the last saturday in April, on May 1st if it falls on a saturday (barley), in June (wool), November 10 (hiring) & December 22 (goose). Market day, saturday

Carmarthen, March 15 & 16, April 15 & 16, June 3 & 4, July 10, August 12 & 13, September 9, October 9, & November 14 & 15, all for cattle. Market day, saturday ; & a cattle market the third tuesday in every month

Cowbridge, tuesday before March 25, May 4, June 24, September 29th & the first tuesday in December. Market day, tuesday & a market the first tuesday in every month, chiefly for cattle

Crickhowell, May 12 & September 22. Market day, thursday, chiefly for provisions ; monthly market, second thursday in. each month

Crymmych, market for fat stock last tuesday in each month

Devynock, April 16, & second tuesday in July for cattle & sheep. Market held every friday at Senny Bridge & a stock market every tuesday

Eglwyswrw, Meigan, cattle fair, first monday after Nov. 2

Fishguard, fairs on thursday in every month, October 8 & 9 (hiring). Market day, thursday

Gelligaer (village), March 25, Wean fairs, May 13, Trinity monday, September 2 & 24, second monday after 10th October & November 20

Little Haven, Pembrokeshire, November 1, hiring

Haverfordwest, second tuesday in January, second tuesday in February, third tuesday in March, second tuesday in April, May, June (wool & stock), July & August, September 6, third tuesday in September, October 5 (hiring), third tuesday in October, second tuesday in November & December. Market day, saturday

Hay, for stock on the second tuesday in every month, & also on the last tuesday in August & September ; the old May hiring fairs are held on May 17 & 18. Market day, thursday

Herbrandston, Old Michaelmas day (hiring fair), Oct. 10

Kidwelly, October 29 for hiring

Knighton, fairs held monthly for sale of stock. Market day, thursday

Lampeter, January 11, February 6, March 11, May 7 & 8 (horse fair) ; saturday before Easter, Whit wednesday, June 16, July 10, August 15, September 19, October 19, & the saturday following November 13, principally for cattle. Market day, friday & a cattle market the last monday in each month

Letterston, fair on the third monday in every month, for cattle, horses, sheep & pigs

Llanarth, fairs Jan. 12, March 12, June 17 & September 22

Llanbadarn, see Penybont

Llandeloy, May 1, June 25, August 24 &November 1

Llandilo, February 20, monday before Easter (for cattle,. pigs & flannel), May 5 & 14, June 21, July 28, August 23, September 28,.October 28, November 12 & 22 (for horses & horned cattle) & the monday before Christmas day (for horses, horned cattle, pigs & welsh flannel). All cattle & horse fairs are followed next day by a pig fair. Market day, saturday & there is a market for fat & store cattle, sheep & pigs every monday & on the 2nd & 4th tuesday in each month & for fat & store cattle, fat & store sheep & lambs every tuesday between: the 2nd tuesday in May & last tuesday in June

Llandovery, fairs for cattle & horses, January 16, February 16, March 24, April 17, May 15, June 19, July 8, August 2, September 8, October 22, November 16 & December 15 ; any of the above dates falling on a sunday the fair is held on the following monday, except the fair fixed for July 8, which in such event is held on the preceding saturday. The day following each of the above (except February 16 & July 8), is for the sale of sheep & pigs. Market day, fri

Llandyssil, market day, tuesday, for farm produce & stock

Llanelly, fairs Ascension thursday,September 30 & October 1, Market days, tuesday, thursday & saturday, the two latter being the principal ones

Llangadock, fairs March 12, last thursday in May, July 9, first thursday after September 11, second thursday after Old Michaelmas day & December 5. Stock market, third monday in each month

Llanstephan, August 8, for pleasure

Llantrisant, February 13, May 12, August 12 & October 29

Llantwit Major, June 22. Market day, monday

Llanybyther, stock fairs, April 26, July 21, November 1 & 21 ; stock & sheep,first monday in September ; sheep, October 30 & 31 & November 20 & a wool fair on July 17. Markets are held the first & third monday in each month

Loughor, fairs first monday in June & October 10, the latter a large horse fair

Maensclochog, Pembrokeshire, fairs held on the tuesday following the third monday in March, April, May, July, August, October, November & December & the tuesday & Wednesday following the third monday in September

Maesteg, market day, saturday

Mathry, fairs on October 10 (stock), October 11 (pigs & hiring fair)

Merthyr Tydfil, fairs on March 18, June 18 & November 18. Market day, saturday

Narberth, monthly on the wednesday following the Haverfordwest fair, and this is ruled by the dates of the fairs at Carew & Pembroke ; a second fair is held in October for the hiring of servants ; only two fairs have fixed dates & these are held on June 2 & 29. The fairs held here are noted for the sale of the famous black cattle of the Castle Martin breed. Market day, thursday

Neath, last wednesday in March ; hiring fair, also stock, horse & wool, 1st & 2nd wednesdays after May 12 ; June, Trinity wednesday ; July, last wednesday, cattle & horse ; September, and thursday, sheep, cattle & horse; also the great pleasure fair of the year, October, last wednesday ; hiring & horse & cattle, 1st & 2nd wednesday after 12th November. Market days, wednesday (which is the principal market) & saturday. There is also a market for the sale of horses, cattle &c. on the last wednesday in every month

Newcastle Emlyn, market day, friday

Newcastle Little, fairs on May 6, July 10 & December 19

New Quay, fair on November I2

Pembroke, fair for pleasure & hiring, October 10 & the saturday following. Market day, saturday & a cattle market on the last monday in each month

Pembroke Dock, market day, friday

Pencarreg, cattle fair, October 11

Pencoed, first monday in June & second monday in October

Penybont, third friday in March, May 13 & 14, August 5 & 24, September 25, October 16 (for horses), October 26. Market day, Wednesday

Pontypridd, Easter monday for pleasure. Market day, Wednesday & a produce fair every saturday

Presteigne, second saturday in January, first saturday in February, March & April, May 9, June 20, third saturday in July, last saturday in August & September (the date of  which alters), saturday before Hereford October fair ; third saturday in November & second saturday in December. Market day, wednesday

New Radnor, last friday in February, friday before June 20, August 14, September 10 & October 28 & 29 (horse & cattle)

Ram (Lampeter station), cattle fair, first saturday after 13th September 

Rhayader, fairs held about once a month, commencing in February. Market day, wednesday & a great market the last Wednesday in every month ; a special poultry market is held annually on 22nd December 

St. Clears, hiring fair annually on 12th October; market for fat & store stock first tuesday in every month, & weekly butter market on friday

St. Davids, first tuesday in March, June, August, October (hiring) & December

St. Mary Hill, August 26 for horses & cattle

Senny Bridge, see Devynock

Swansea, second saturday in May, July 2, August 15, October 8. Market days, wednesday & saturday, also daily.

Talgarth, 2nd tuesday in January, February 2, March 12, April 18, 2nd tuesday in May (hiring & pleasure), May 31, July 10, August 10, September 23, October 13, November 2 (hiring & pleasure) & December 3 ; when these dates fall on a sunday the fair is held on the following monday. Market day, friday

Tenby, July 31 & two following days for pleasure. Market days, Saturday & Wednesday

Tregaron, tuesday before the first wednesday in each month for cattle, Whit tuesday for cattle, March 16 & 17, May 4th for horses. Market day, tuesday

Wiston, November 8

A List of the Principal Seats in South Wales

Extracted  by Gareth Hicks with the kind permission of the publishers from the CD of the same title as the main heading. (Archive CD Books)

With Reference to the Places under which they will be found in the Directory

UK and Ireland: Directories

Directories were published for many large towns from about 1800, aimed at commercial travellers, though some earlier ones exist. A few decades later such publications were produced covering small towns and rural areas. These directories generally provided a brief description of each town or place covered, plus a listing of prominent residents and of the various tradesmen, and in due course were published annually. As the 19th century progressed directories became more and more comprehensive, and can be of considerable help in locating people and tracing their movements. A growing number of these directories are now being made available online or on CD-ROM.

Useful reference books:

Shaw, Gareth and Tipper, Alison. British Directories: A bibliography and guide to directories published in England and Wales (1850-1950) and Scotland (1753-1950)., (1988).

Norton, J. Guide to the National and Provincial Directories of England and Wales, excluding London, published before 1856, Royal Historical Society (1950).

Links:

• Leicester University's Digital Library of Historical Directories - The aim of this project was to make available one directory for each English and Welsh county for the 1850s, 1890s and 1910s. In addition, a sample of directories was made available for the period 1750-1849, and for the 1860s, 1870s, 1880s and 1900s.
• GENFair - listing of trade directories for many counties (CD or Downloadable).
• Protestation Returns are held in the House of Lords Library - "The Protestation Returns are the closest record we have to a census from 1642. If you can trace your ancestors back to 1642, and you know which county and parish they lived in, it may be worth looking to see if their names are in the Protestation Returns."
• The Yellow Pages Archive - the Berkshire Record Office hold the national archive of Yellow Pages telephone directories. 
• British Telecom Archives have a number of record collections of value to genealogists. Of particular value is their extensive collection of Telephone Directories, dating from 1880 to the present day, which are available on microfilm in their public searchroom.
• Residential Number Search allows searches for residential, commercial and freefone telephone numbers.
• Commercial "people finder" services are offered by ukphonebook.com and 192.com.
• Ancestry's (subscription) Schools, Directories & Church Histories people search facility.
• U.K., City and County Directories, 1600s-1900s - Ancestry
• Directories - The Genealogist